Index D

Dacarbazine 747t

Dacryocystitis 1311, 1313, 1313f

Dalfopristin 1367t

Danazol 681

Dandruff 1250

Daptomycin 1367t

Dark adaptation 1292

Daunorubicin 726

Dawn phenomenon 636

Day care 92

Daytime sleepiness, excessive 458

Deafness (see Hearing, loss of)

Death (see also Dying patient; Mortality)

attitudes toward 116, 309

autopsy and 127

coping after 127

planning for 125

prediction of 125

preparing for 126-127

resources about 1413

of terminally ill patient 126-127 (see also Dying patient)

Decision making

cognitive impairment and 128, 130, 1228

informed consent and 131-133

surrogate 135-137

Decongestants

nasal changes with 1345

sleep disorders with 451t

Decubitus ulcers 1261-1276, 1262t, 1263f, 1265t, 1267f, 1268t, 1272t (see also Pressure sores)

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) 923-930

chronic venous insufficiency after 930

estrogen replacement therapy and 1215

thromboembolism after (see Thromboembolism)

thrombolytic therapy in 929

umbrella filter in 929

Defecation

in irritable bowel syndrome 1069

syncope with 175

Defecography 1094

Deferoxamine 742

Defibrillator (see Cardioverter-defibrillator)

Dehydration 562-563

in dying patient 118

in hypercalcemia 576-577

hypertonic 660

hypotension with 846

nonketotic hyperosmolar syndrome and 638-639

renal function and 954

Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) 657

Delirium 350-356

anxiety and 323, 323t

vs. dementia 353t, 355, 360

diagnosis of 352-355, 354t, 355t

hallucinations in 348

hyponatremia and 564

in dying patient 120

mental status in 351-352, 353t

postoperative 250-251

risk factors for 351, 352t

urinary incontinence in 966

Delusions

in dementia 359, 373-374

in mental status examination 347

Demeclocycline 1373t

in hyponatremia 566

Dementia 357-371, 358t

abnormal suspiciousness and 330

adverse drug interactions with 67t

alcoholism and 338, 370

Alzheimer's 365-367, 370t (see also Alzheimer's disease)

antipsychotics in 71

anxiety and 323, 323t

behavior disorders in 371-377, 373t

caregiver in 376, 377t

vs. delirium 353t, 355, 360

dental care and 1014

vs. depression 319t

depression and 345, 362, 364, 372

diagnosis of 360-364, 361t, 370t

etiology of 357, 358t

fecal incontinence in 1093

frontotemporal 367

hallucinations in 348

HIV-associated 1380, 1381t

Lewy bodies and 368

malnutrition and 598

normal-pressure hydrocephalus and 371

in parkinsonism 435, 444t

quality of life and 114

structural brain abnormalities and 371

toxic ingestion and 370

treatment of 364-365, 366t

     antipsychotics in 71

vascular 361t, 367, 370t

Dementia Symptoms Scale 345t, 350

Demographics 9-23

US 9-17

     disability and 14-15

     health care service use and 16-17

     morbidity and mortality rates11-14, 12t, 13t, 15t, 14f

     population characteristics of 9-11, 9t, 19t

world 17-23

     health care service use and 22

     morbidity and mortality rates 20-21

     population characteristics of 17-20, 18f, 19t

Dendritic cells 1352-1353

Densitometry

in osteoporosis 476-477

Dental disorders 1013-1017

resources on 1413

Dentition 1000

Dentures 1016

alveolar bone loss and 1023

oral candidiasis and 1018

oral changes with 1024

Department of Veterans Affairs 169

Dependence

alcohol (see Alcoholism)

Depression 310-322

adverse drug interactions with 67t

anxiety and 324, 323t

bereavement and 145

brief 312

clinical manifestations of 312-314, 313t, 347

vs. delirium 354-355

dementia and 345, 362, 364, 372

dexamethasone suppression test in 315

diagnosis of 314-315, 315t, 316t-318t, 319t

drugs for (see Antidepressants)

in dying patient 120-121

electroconvulsive therapy for 321

in erectile dysfunction 1167, 1171

hallucinations in 348

heredity and 311

hospitalization and 321-322

malnutrition and 598

medical disorders and 311, 311t

occupational therapy for 290

pain and 386

in parkinsonism 435, 440

pharmacotherapy for 320

psychotherapy for 319-320

psychotic 312

religion and 146

resources on 1413

screening for 54, 47t

seasonal 452-453

in stroke patient 399-400

suicide and 310-311, 310t, 314

thyroid function and 314

tinnitus and 1329, 1330t

vascular 311-312

De Quervain's syndrome 543-544

Dermabrasion 1238

Dermatitis 1249-1252

contact 1249-1250

     venous ulcers and 1253-1254

exfoliative 1254

with gold therapy 503

psoriasis and 1254

seborrheic 1250-1251

stasis 1251-1252

Dermatologic disorders (see Skin and specific disorders)

Dermatomyositis 524-526

Dermatosis papulosa nigra 1242t

Dermis (see Skin)

Desipramine 72, 394t

Desmopressin 701

Detrusor overactivity 968, 969t, 971, 975-976, 977t

Detrusor underactivity 969, 969t, 971, 979-980

DEXA (see Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry)

Dexamethasone

in increased intracranial pressure 422t

in subarachnoid hemorrhage 418

Dexamethasone suppression test 315

Dexchlorpheniramine, adverse effects of 63t

Dexrazoxane, with chemotherapy 719

Diabetes insipidus

demeclocycline-induced 566

nerve cell loss in 382

Diabetes mellitus 624-638

adverse drug interactions with 67t

anesthesia effects of 260t

blood pressure control in 957, 963

brittle 635

complications of 626-628

     screening for 627

diagnosis of 628-629, 629t

diarrhea in 1088

driving and 236

erectile dysfunction in 1160, 1167

estrogen replacement therapy in 1215

exercise in 305, 631

foot disorders in 556-557, 635, 636, 636f

glycosylated hemoglobin monitoring in 51, 629, 630

hypertensives in 843t

infection in 628

ketoacidosis in 639-640

lacunar infarcts in 413

monitoring of 631

mortality rates for 13t

nephropathy in 627, 628, 956, 957

neuropathy in 635, 636, 918

nonketotic hyperosmolar syndrome in 638-639

prevention of 51t

resources on 1413-1414

retinopathy in 627, 1301-1304, 1303t

risk for 1003

screening for 47t

surgical procedures in 248, 637

treatment of 73, 629-637, 630t, 632t, 635t, 636t

Dialysis

in acute renal failure 962

in chronic renal failure 963

3,4-Diaminopyridine 523

Diaphragm

age-related changes in 754

hernia of 1119-1121

rupture of 1121

DIAPPERS 965-966

Diarrhea 1085-1092, 1086t, 1091t

antibiotic-associated 1066-1068, 1369t, 1370t, 1374t

bloody 1088, 1090

drug-related 1087, 1088

in dying patient 119

fatty 1088-1089, 1090

during hospitalization 101

in malabsorption 1097

osmotic 1088, 1090

postoperative 254, 1088

secretory 1087-1088, 1090

toxigenic 1087

Diathermy 275-276

Diazepam

adverse effects of 65t

aging effect on 60t, 62

sexual function and 1164t

Diclofenac 386t, 492t, 1238

Dicloxacillin 1367t-1368t

in cellulitis 1253

Dicyclomine

adverse effects of 64t

in detrusor overactivity 977t

in diverticular disease 1055t

in irritable bowel syndrome 1070

Diet (see also Nutrition)

in chronic renal failure 963

in constipation 1083-1084, 1084t

in diabetes mellitus 630-631

in diverticular disease 1055t

for frailty prevention 48t, 52

in hypertension 836

in lipoprotein disorders 613-615, 614t, 616t

in malabsorption syndromes 1104

for weight reduction 605

Diethylstilbestrol, sexual function and 1164t

Dieulafoy's ulcer 1110

Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis 488-489

Diffusing capacity 755-756

Diflunisal 386t, 492t

Digoxin

adverse effects of 63t

in arrhythmias 886t, 887

drug interactions with 68t-69t

in heart failure 909

sexual function and 1164t

toxicity of 887, 889

Dihydroepiandrosterone 1384t

Dihydroergotamine

in postprandial hypotension 849

1,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol

age-related change in 1384t

in calcium metabolism 573

Diltiazem 888t

aging effect on 60t

in angina 856

in detrusor overactivity 977t

drug interactions with 68t-69t

in hypertension 842t

d-Dimer

in disseminated intravascular coagulation 692

in pulmonary embolism diagnosis 776

Diphenhydramine

adverse effects of 63t-65t

aging effect on 60t

in benign oral disorders 1019

in muscle cramps 535

Diphenoxylate 1091t, 1092

Diphtheria

vaccine against 1361t

Diplopia 1311-1312

Dipyridamole

adverse effects of 63t

in ischemic stroke 411, 415

for stress testing 827t, 828

Dirithromycin 1367t

Disability

chronic disease and 14-15, 15t

life expectancy without 21

prevention of 46-54

resources on 1414

Disaccharidase deficiency 1088

Discharge planning

after hospital treatment 95, 103-104

legal issues in 140-141

after rehabilitation 266-267

social worker role in 80-81

Disclosure 133

Disopyramide 888t

adverse effects of 64t

clearance of 887

Dissection, aortic 938-942, 940t

Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) 692-693

in acute leukemia 728

Disulfiram 339

sexual function and 1164t

theophylline interaction with 68t

Diuretics (see also specific drugs)

aging effects on 58t, 60t

dosage adjustment for 70

drug interactions with 69t

exercise and 305

fall risk and 197t

in glaucoma 1300t

in heart failure 905-906

in hypertension 839t

in hypocalcemia 575

hypokalemia with 568

sexual function and 1164t

sleep disorders with 451t

tinnitus with 1330t

urinary incontinence with 967t

Diverticular disease 1053-1057, 1055t

bleeding in 1111

colovesical fistula in 1202

diverticulosis 1054, 1122

Diverticulum(a)

epiphrenic 1113

Meckel's 1110

Zenker's 1036-1037

     dysphagia with 1032

Dizziness 181-195 (see also Syncope)

etiology of 182-183, 184t-185t, 186f, 187f, 190t-192t

Hallpike maneuver in 188, 193f

patient history in 183, 190t-192t

physical examination in 188, 190t-192t

provocative tests in 188

treatment of 189, 190t-192t, 194

vestibular testing in 189

Dobutamine

in heart failure 909-910

for stress testing 827t, 828, 830

Docetaxel 720t

in breast cancer 1227t

Doctrine of privilege 133

Docusate sodium 1085

Dolasetron 719

Domiciliaries (see Board-and-care facilities)

Donepezil 364, 366t

Do-not-resuscitate orders 138-139

l-Dopa (see Levodopa)

Dopamine

age-related changes in 60t, 381

in heart failure 909

in parkinsonism 433

Doppler echocardiography 830 (see also Echocardiography)

in aortic valve stenosis 866

in chronic mitral regurgitation 875-876

in infective endocarditis 882

Doppler ultrasonography (see also Ultrasonography)

in deep vein thrombosis 925

in peripheral atherosclerosis 917

Dorsal cutaneous nerve, trauma to 556

Dorzolamide 1300t

Dowager's hump 468, 475

Down syndrome 8-9

Doxazosin

in benign prostatic hyperplasia 1182

in bladder outlet obstruction 979

Doxepin 394t

adverse effects of 64t

in detrusor overactivity 977t

Doxorubicin 720t

in breast cancer 1226t

in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma 752t

Doxycycline 1373t

in rosacea 1249

Dressings, in pressure sore treatment 1271-1275, 1272t

Driving 230-237 (see also Accidents, motor vehicle)

drug use and 236-237

functional assessment for 232-234, 289

legal issues and 237

medical illness and 235-236

Dronabinol 603

Drug[s] (see also specific classes and drugs)

adverse reactions to 62-66, 64t-65t

     in hospitalized patient 100-101

     pharmacist identification of 83, 84t

     prevention of 53

alcohol interaction with 335

anesthetic interactions with 258t

anticholinergic (see Anticholinergic drugs)

antihypertensives 837

antimicrobial 1366-1378 (see also Antibiotics)

anxiety-causing 324t

aplastic anemia with 682, 683t

appropriateness of 55-56

in cancer prevention 716

compliance (adherence) problems with 69-70, 83

constipation with 1081t, 1085

cost of 67-69

delirium and 351, 352t, 353, 354t, 356

dementia and 360, 365, 370

diarrhea with 1066-1068, 1087, 1088

disease interactions with 62, 67t, 380

dosing of 66

driving and 236-237

efficacy of 66

elimination of 59, 1378

esophageal toxicity of 1001, 1037

exercise and 305

falls and 195, 197t

heatstroke and 661

hemolytic anemia with 680, 680t, 682

hepatotoxicity of 1375t

hyperglycemia and 626

hypertension with834

hyperthermia and 661t

hypotension with 846t, 847

hypothermia and 664, 661t

incontinence and 967t

interactions among 62-66, 68t-69t

interstitial lung disease with 794t

irritable bowel syndrome with 1068

laboratory results and 1383

lipoprotein disorders with 610t

male hypogonadism and 1172t

malnutrition and 598

Medicare coverage and 84, 164

metabolism of 57, 58t, 59, 1004-1005

multiple (polypharmacy) 53, 56, 63, 67

myoclonus with 450, 450t

nephrotoxicity of 1367t

neurotoxicity of 1372t-1377t

oral problems with 1020t-1021t

ototoxicity of 1367t-1371t

parkinsonism with 444t

patient history of 26

pharmacodynamics of 59-62, 60t

pharmacokinetics of 56-59, 58t, 1366, 1378

phototoxicity of 1372t

physician review of 56

prescribing of 54-56, 55t, 66-67, 69-70

protein binding of 1378

pruritus ani with 1073-1074

psychotic disorders and 331

safety of 66

sexual function and 1163-1165, 1163t, 1164t, 1167, 1168t, 1177

sideroblastic anemia with 684

for skin disorders 1243, 1244t

skin eruptions with 1239t

sleep disorders with 451t

swallowing disorders with 1025

syncope with 175-176, 178

systemic lupus erythematosus with 503-505

taste disturbances with 1026t

tinnitus with 1330t

toxicity of 57, 59

trade and generic names of 1388-1408

tremor with 438t

underuse of 56

urinary incontinence with 967t

warfarin interactions with 699t

Drug mouth (xerostomia)

in Sjögren's syndrome 1028

Drusen 1288, 1305

Dry eyes 1312-1313

in Sjögren's syndrome 505, 1312-1313

Dry mouth (xerostomia) 1028-1030

drug-induced 1021t

in Sjögren's syndrome 505

Dry nose 1345

Dry skin 1247-1248, 1247t

pruritus and 1245

Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry 47t, 477

for muscle mass measurement 520

Duke's classification 1142

Duloxetine 393, 394t

Duodenum

gastrinoma of 1048-1049

ulcer of 1042-1047 (see also Peptic ulcer disease)

Dupuytren's contracture 539-540, 539f

Durable power of attorney for health care 135

Duroziez's murmur 870

¹⁴C d-xylose breath test 1104

d-xylose test 1097, 1101, 1102

Dying patient 115-127 (see also Death)

advance directives of 125

assisted suicide for 124, 140

autopsy and 127

ethical issues and 123-125

euthanasia and 139

financial concerns of 123

hospice care for 90-91, 125, 723-724

legal issues and 123-125

Medicare expenditures on 17

pain control for 116, 140

pneumonia in 762

pressure sores in 120

resources about 1413

spiritual concerns of 125-126

stress in 122-123

symptom control in 115-123

Dysarthria 412t, 427, 427t

Dysbetalipoproteinemia 608t

Dysentery 1085

Dysequilibrium 181

Dysgeusia 1027, 1347

Dyskinesia, tardive 447

Dyslipidemia

     screening for 47t

in diabetes mellitus 626-627

Dysosmia 1347

Dyspareunia 1178-1179

Dyspepsia 1044

Dysphagia 1030-1034

esophageal 1034, 1034t

malnutrition and 597

oropharyngeal 1030-1033, 1031t

Dyspnea

in COPD 783-784, 807

in dying patient 117

exertional 855

sexual activity and 1161

Dyssomnias 459

Dysthymic disorder 312

Dystonia 430t

Dystrophy

myotonic 532-533

oculopharyngeal 533