Index S

Sadness (see Depression)

Salicylates (see also Aspirin)

methotrexate interaction with 68t

nonacetylated 492t

Saline lavage, in gastrointestinal tract bleeding 1107

Saliva, age-related changes in 1001

Salivary glands, disorders of 1028-1030

Salmeterol 787

Salmon calcitonin

in osteoporosis 480

Salsalate 386t

Sarcoidosis 39, 796t

Sarcoma, Kaposi's 1281-1282

Sarcopenia 36, 296, 471-472

drug effects on 305

exercise for 303, 471-472

growth hormone and 658

hormonal deficiency and 656t

in male hypogonadism 1173

Scabies 1246t

SCALES protocol 598, 600t

Scalp, seborrheic dermatitis of 1250

Schatzki's ring 1038, 1113

Schilling test 686, 1101, 1102

Schirmer's test 505, 1312-1313

Schistocytes 680, 692

Schizophrenia 329-333

delusions and hallucinations in 347-348

early-onset 331

Schwannoma 1341-1342

Sclera 1285

Scleroderma 506

Raynaud's phenomenon in 923

Sclerotherapy

in esophageal varices 1008

in hemorrhoids 1075

Scopolamine 255, 258

Screening

for breast cancer 1220-1221, 1221t

for cancer 47t, 716-717, 718t

for cervical cancer 718t, 1192, 1206

for dementia 50t

for diabetes 50t

for exercise 297-298

for hearing loss 47t, 1318-1319

for hypertension 834, 47t

for hypothyroidism 50t

for osteoporosis 50t

for prostate cancer 1183-1184

Scrotum, disorders of 1191

Seagull murmur 866

Seasonal affective disorder 452-453

Sebaceous glands 1234

Seborrheic blephartis 1310

Seborrheic dermatitis 1250-1251

Seborrheic keratoses 1242t

Second sight 1294

Secretin test 1103

in fatty diarrhea 1090-1091

in pancreatitis 1132

in Zollinger-Ellison syndrome 1049

Secretory otitis media 1336-1337

Sedation (see also Sedative-hypnotics)

for gastrointestinal endoscopy 1007

for mechanical ventilation 792

preoperative 255, 258

Sedative-hypnotics 71-72, 457t

adverse effects of 65t

delirium with 352t

exercise and 305

in insomnia 455-456

sleep disorders with 451t

Seizures

causes of 380, 381t

driving and 236

syncope and 176

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) 72

in generalized anxiety disorder 324

in depression 320

Selegiline 433, 449t

in Alzheimer's disease 365

Selenium 594, 1384t

Self-determination 131

Senescence

definition of 3

Hayflick's limit and 5

Senile cardiac amyloidosis 914

Senile plaques 381

Senile purpura 1237

Sensory function 37-38

impairment of

     occupational therapy for 290

Septic arthritis 493-494

Septicemia

mortality rates for 13t

Septum, interventricular, rupture of 863

Serotonin-norepineephrinee reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs)

in generalized anxiety disorder 324

Serous otitis media 1336-1337

Sertraline 72

in obsessive-compulsive disorder 326

Sesamoiditis 554

Sexual activity 1156-1165

aggressive 1157-1158

aging-related changes in 1158-1159, 1175t

arousal disorders and 1177-1178

in COPD 786

decreased libido and

     in men 1171-1174, 1172t

     in women 1176-1177

drug effects on 1163-1165, 1163t, 1164t, 1167, 1168t

dysfunction of

     in females 1174-1179, 1175t

     in males 1165-1174

dyspareunia and 1178-1179

female orgasmic disorder and 1178

heart disease and 1159-1160

history of 1174-1176

HIV transmission with 1379

male hypogonadism and 1171-1174, 1172t

medical disorders and 1159-1161

sexual arousal disorder and 1177-1178

surgery and 1161-1163

vaginismus and 1179

Shingles (see Herpes zoster infection)

Shoes 544-545

Short-bowel syndrome 1096, 1098t

Short wave diathermy 275-276

Shoulder

bursitis of 497-498

fracture of 222-223

range of motion of 270t

Shy-Drager syndrome 442

anemia in 683

Sialadenitis 1029, 1030

Sialography 1029

Sicca syndrome 505

Sick sinus syndrome 895t, 899

pacemaker for 897

Sideroblastic anemia 683-684

Sigmoid, volvulus of 1124-1125

Sigmoidoscopy 1009-1010

in antibiotic-associated diarrhea 1067

for cancer screening 48t, 718t

in colorectal cancer 1142, 1143

in diarrhea 1090

in fecal incontinence 1094

in polyps 1141

in ulcerative colitis 1060

Sildenafil 1170

Silicosis 794t

Simvastatin 617, 618t, 621

Sinoatrial block 898

Sinus bradycardia 895t, 897-898 (see also Arrhythmias)

Sinusitis 1347-1348

Sjögren's syndrome 505, 1028, 1029, 1312-1313

trimethoprim use in 1372t

Skilled nursing facility 105-106 (see also Nursing homes)

Skin

acrochordons of 1242t

actinic keratoses of 1236, 1276-1277

age-related changes in 1231-1238, 1232t

benign tumors of 1242t, 1276-1278

bullous pemphigoid of 1256-1257

cancer of 1276-1284, 1283t

     resources on 1412

     screening for 718t

care of, in hospital 101-102

cherry angioma of 1242t

color changes in

     in peripheral atherosclerosis 917

     in Raynaud's phenomenon 922-923

decubitus ulcers of (see Skin, pressure sores of)

dermatitis of 1249-1252

in dermatomyositis 525

disorders of 1238-1261, 1239t-1241t, 1242t, 1243f, 1246t (see also specific disorders)

     management of 1242-1243, 1243f, 1244t

drug-induced eruptions of 1239t

dry (xerosis) 1247-1248, 1247t

     pruritus and 1245

erythema multiforme of 1239t-1240t

estradiol patches for 1214

herpes zoster infection of 1258-1261

inflammatory disorders of 1239t-1241t

integrity of, in hospital 101-102

itching of 1245

Kaposi's sarcoma of 1281-1282

keratoacanthoma of 1242t

lentigo maligna of 1278

lichen simplex chronicus of 1251

melanoma of 1282-1284, 1283t

necrosis of

     during hospitalization 101

nursing care of 101-102

parasitic disorders of 1246t

pemphigus vulgaris of 1257-1258

perimenopausal changes in 1209

photoaging of 1236-1238

physical examination of 28t, 32

premalignant lesions of 1276-1278

pressure sores of 1261-1276, 1262t, 1263f, 1265t, 1267f, 1268t, 1272t (see also Pressure sores)

psoriasis of 1254-1255

rosacea of 1248-1249

seborrheic dermatitis of 1250-1251

seborrheic keratoses of 1242t

squamous cell carcinoma in situ of (Bowen's disease) 1277-1278

tags of 1242t

toxic epidermal necrolysis of 1240t-1241t

tumors of 1242t, 1276-1284

venous ulcers of 1252-1254

xerosis of (see Skin, dry)

Skin test, for tuberculosis 765

Sleep 451-452

age related changes in 452

disorders of 450-463

     in dementia 374-375

     vs. depression 319t

     driving and 236

     drugs and 451t

     in parkinsonism 440

     perimenopausal 1209

     resources on 1418

     treatment of 455t, 457t, 458t

     urinary incontinence with 972t

excessive 458

NREM 452

periodic limb movements and 459-460

REM 452

     sleep behavior disorder in 459

stages of 452

Sleep apnea 460-462

Sleep hygiene 454, 455t

Sleepiness

scale for 456t

Sleep studies

in COPD 785-786

Small cell (oat cell) carcinoma 800-806, 801t, 802t

Small intestine (see Intestine, small)

Small-vessel syndrome 920-922, 921t

Smell

evaluation of 37

loss of 1347

Smoking (see Cigarette smoking)

Soaks 1244t

Social phobia 327

Social health maintenance organizations 171

Social history 142

Social issues 142-155

alternative living arrangements and 144

assessment of 30-31, 142

death and dying 115-127

elder abuse and 149-155

family caregiving and 142-143

life transitions and 144-145

living alone and 143-144

religion and 145-149

relocation and 144-145

retirement and 144

self-worth 144

social worker and (see Social worker)

spirituality and 145-149

Socialization, during hospitalization 103

Social restraint, in delirium 356

Social Security 169-170

Social Services Block Grant program 169

Social worker 80-83

in cancer treatment 723

in discharge planning 80-81

in elder abuse treatment 155

of geriatric interdisciplinary team 76t

referral to 82

role of 80-81, 81t

settings for 81, 82t

Sodium

     decrease in (hyponatremia) 563-566, 565t

     increase in (hypernatremia) 566-568, 567t

dietary, cardiovascular function and 822

metabolism of 561-568, 565t, 567t

postoperative 253

urinary

     in dehydration 562-563

     in hyponatremia 565t

Sodium bicarbonate, in metabolic acidosis 586

Sodium channel blockers 888t, 893

Sodium chloride

in hyponatremia 566

Sodium iodide, in thyroid storm 653

Sodium phosphate, in multiple myeloma--related hypercalcemia 737

Sodium polystyrene sulfonate, in hyperkalemia 571

Solar purpura 1237

Somatization disorder 327

Somatoform disorders 327-329

Somatostatin, in diarrhea 1092

Somatostatinoma 1146t

Somogyi phenomenon 636

Sotalol 888t

Souttar's tube 1136

Sparfloxacin 1372t

Spasms

anal (proctalgia fugax) 1079

vaginal 1179

Spastic colon 1068-1070

Spasticity, in stroke patient 282

Speech

age-related changes in 380, 424-425

assessment of 349, 424-425

disorders of 423-428, 424t, 426t, 427t

perception of, in hearing loss 1320-1322

rehabilitation for 425, 427

weakened 1349

Speech audiometry 1320-1322

Speech reception threshold 1320

Sphincter

anal, spasm of 1079

esophageal

     in achalasia 1036

     age-related changes in 1001

     in dysphagia 1031-1032

urethral, in incontinence 978

Sphincter implant, for bladder outlet incompetence 978

Sphincterotomy

in anorectal fissure 1076

endoscopic 1012-1013

in Oriental cholangitis 1127

Spinal cord

age-related changes in 383

compression of

     in cervical spondylosis 487

     muscular symptoms in 516t

     in spinal stenosis 488

Spinal ligaments, calcification of 488-489

Spine

fracture of 229-230

hyperostosis of 488-489

stenosis of 488, 917-918

     pseudoclaudication in 205

traction for 277-278

tuberculosis of 764

Spiramycin 1371t

Spirituality 145-149

in dying patient 125-126

Spirometry 781

Spironolactone

in hypertension 839t

in metabolic alkalosis 587

sexual function and 1164t

Spleen

disorders of 1133

enlargement of 1133

     in myelofibrosis 711

irradiation of, in myelofibrosis 714

removal of 1133

     in myelofibrosis 713-714

Splints

in carpal tunnel syndrome 541, 541f

for fractures 218

cervical 185t, 277, 487

Sprain, washerwoman's 544-545

Sprue

nontropical (celiac) 1090, 1099t

tropical 1099t

Sputum

in pneumonia 760-761

in tuberculosis 765

Squamous cell carcinoma

cervical 1205-1206

of ears 1342-1343

esophageal 1134-1136

of lungs 800-806, 801t, 802t

penile 1190-1191

of skin 1277-1278, 1280-1281

Stair climbing 273, 282

Stamey procedure 978

Staphylococcal infection, in endocarditis 879, 883t-884t

Stasis dermatitis 1251-1252

Statins 617, 618t-619t, 621

Steakhouse syndrome 1038

Steatorrhea 1097, 1101-1102, 1104

in Zollinger-Ellison syndrome 1048

Steele-Richardson-Olszewski syndrome 441-442

Stem cell transplantation 736

Stenosis (see also Strictures)

aortic 864-867

     in infective endocarditis 878

mitral 871-873

renal 958-959

spinal 917-918

tricuspid 877

Stents

intraprostatic 1182

urethral 979

Step

height of 207, 210t

length of 205, 206, 207, 210t

Steroids (see Corticosteroids)

Stockings

in chronic deep vein insufficiency 930

elastic, in varicose veins 932

Stokes-Adams attack 898

Stomach (see also at Gastric; Gastritis; Gastrointestinal tract)

age-related changes in 1001-1002

bezoars of 1050-1051

bleeding from 1110

cancer of 1137-1139, 1145-1148

disorders of 1041-1052

inflammation of 1041-1042

Mallory-Weiss tears of 1110

polyps of 1136

tumors of 1136-1139

     bleeding in 1110

ulcers of 1042-1047 (see also Peptic ulcer disease)

volvulus of 1049-1050

Stomatopryosis 1017

Stomatitis 1017

Stool (see Feces)

Stool softeners 1085

Streptococcal infection

in endocarditis 879, 883t

in pneumonia 758, 762t

Streptokinase 700-701

in deep vein thrombosis 929

in myocardial infarction 860-861

Streptomycin 1367t

Stress

albumin response to 596

caregiver, in dementia 377

in dying patient 122-123

in irritable bowel syndrome 1069

Stress disorders 328

Stress incontinence 968

Stress testing 827t

exercise 825t, 827-829, 827t

pharmacologic 825t, 827t, 828-829

Stretching exercises 304

in muscle cramps 534, 534f

Strictures (see also Stenosis)

bile duct 1128

esophageal 1038-1039

Striatonigral degeneration 442

Stroke 397-423

antihypertensives after 843t

cholesterol and 606

complications of 397

driving and 236

dysphagia with 1031, 1033

hemorrhagic 416-421, 419f, 421t

ischemic 402-416, 404f-405f, 406t, 407t, 408t, 412t

     aspirin in 702

     fibrinolytic therapy in 700

     venous thromboembolism prophylaxis for 696-697, 927-928

mortality from 397, 398t

occipital lobe 1308

occupational therapy after 290

prevalence of 397, 398t

prevention of 51t, 397, 399t, 401t

recovery after 397-398

rehabilitation for 280-283

resources on 1418

sexual activity and 1160

symptoms of 397, 400t

treatment of 399-400, 401t

Stroke volume

age-related changes in 816t, 819

during exercise 820

ST segment

in coronary artery disease 854

in myocardial infarction 858

nonspecific changes in 825

Stylohyoid ligament 1350

Styloid process 1350

Subarachnoid hemorrhage 416-418

Subclavian artery 405f

atherosclerosis of 404

Subcutaneous fat 1234

Subdeltoid (subacromial) bursitis 497-498

Subdural hematoma

dementia with 371

Substance abuse 333-341

Substance P

age-related changes in 382t

inhibitors of, in pain management 395t

Substituted judgment standard, in surrogate decision making 137

Sucralfate

ciprofloxacin interaction with 68t

in peptic ulcer disease 1046

Sudan stain, of stool 1101-1102

Suicide

assisted 124, 140

depression and 310-311, 310t, 314

Sulbactam 1368t

Sulfasalazine

in Crohn's disease 1064, 1064t

in rheumatoid arthritis 502

sexual function and 1164t

in ulcerative colitis 1061-1062, 1061t

Sulfinpyrazone 496

Sulfonamides 1372t-1373t

Sulfonylureas 73, 632t, 633-634, 637, 641-642

Sulindac 386t, 492t

Sulpiride, sexual function and 1163t

Sundowning 128, 353t, 372

Sun exposure 1236-1238

Sunscreen 1237

Supportive housing (see Assisted-living facilities)

Suppurative otitis media 1337-1338

Supraventricular ectopic beats 886t, 887, 889 (see also Arrhythmias)

Supraventricular tachycardia 889-892 (see also Arrhythmias)

paroxysmal 886t, 889

Surgery 240-241

in abdominal aortic aneurysm 936-937

age and 240, 243-244

anesthesia for 255-264, 256t-257t, 258t, 260t-261t

in bladder cancer 992

cardiovascular 942-950, 945t

     sexual activity after 1161-1162

care after 250-255, 262-264

care during 248-249

complications of 250-255, 927

consent for 242

coronary artery bypass 942-944, 945t

cosmetic 1238

deep vein thrombosis after 927

in diabetic patients 637

evaluation before 242-248, 244t, 246t, 247t, 248t

gastrointestinal 1105-1133

in lung cancer 803-805

Mohs'

     in basal cell carcinoma 1280

     in melanoma 1284

mortality with 243-248, 246t, 247t, 248t

in myotonic dystrophy patient 533

nursing care after 250, 262-264

pain management after 262-264

in popliteal aneurysm 938

prophylactic antibiotics for 881t

in renal adenocarcinoma 990

in renal pelvic tumor 995

risk assessment for 243-248, 244t, 246t, 247t, 248t

sexual activity and 1161-1163

in thoracic aortic aneurysm 934

in urethral cancer 996

venous thromboembolism after 694-696, 695t

Surrogate decision making 137

Suspiciousness 330

Swallowing (see also Dysphagia)

disorders of 1024, 1030-1034, 1031t, 1034t

Swan-neck deformity 36, 536-537, 538f

Sweat glands

age-related changes in 659-660, 1234

Swelling, fractures and 221

Swimmer's ear 1335-1336

Syncope 173-181 (see also Dizziness)

in aortic valve stenosis 865

cough 175

defecation 175

etiology of 174-176, 174t

in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy 913

micturition 175

prevention of 179-180

with pulmonary embolism 773

swallow 175

tilt table testing in 179, 826-827

vasovagal 175

Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) 561

Synovial fluid

in calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystal deposition disease 497

in gout 495

in infectious arthritis 494

Syphilis

dementia in 370

tinnitus and 1330t

Systemic lupus erythematosus 503-505

glomerulonephritis in 958

Systemic sclerosis 506