Melatonin

Melatonin is a hormone produced by the pineal gland; production is suppressed by light. Levels can be measured in serum, saliva, or urine (as sulfatoxymelatonin). Melatonin levels peak during early childhood, then decrease throughout life until they become negligible in the elderly.

The major effect of melatonin is to promote sleep; it may also protect against free-radical damage. Melatonin has been shown to increase cortisol levels in elderly but not in younger women. There is insufficient evidence to support routine use of melatonin in the elderly.

This topic was last updated March 2006.