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THE MERCK MANUAL MEDICAL LIBRARY: The Merck Manual of Medical Information--Home Edition
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Br

Braces (orthodontic therapy)

Biology of the Mouth
Malocclusion: Prevention and Treatment

Brachial neuritis

Plexus Disorders: Causes

Brachial plexus

Plexus Disorders
Nerve Junction Boxes: The PlexusesFigures

Brachytherapy

Cancer: Radiation Therapy

Bradbury-Eggleston Syndrome

Pure Autonomic Failure

Bradyarrhythmias

Abnormal Heart Rhythms: Causes

Bradycardia

Abnormal Heart Rhythms
Pacemaker Dysfunction

  • in apnea of prematurity

  • Apnea of Prematurity: Symptoms and Diagnosis

    Bradycardia-tachycardia syndrome

    Pacemaker Dysfunction

    Brain

  • abscess of

  • Abscess of the Brain

  • with ear infection

  • Middle Ear Infections: Acute Middle Ear Infection

  • headache with

  • How Headaches Differ Tables

  • in meningitis

  • Meningitis: Symptoms and Diagnosis

  • age-associated changes in

  • Changes in the Body: Brain and Nervous System
    How the Body Ages: Some Normal ChangesTables
    Effects of Aging: Brain

  • in Alzheimer's disease

  • Dementia: Alzheimer's Disease

  • anencephaly of

  • Prenatal Diagnostic Testing: Neural Tube Defects
    Interpreting Abnormal Alpha-Fetoprotein LevelsSidebar

  • aneurysm of

  • Hemorrhagic Stroke: Causes

  • biology of

  • Brain
    Viewing the BrainFigures

  • biopsy of

  • Brain Tumors: Diagnosis

  • birth defects of

  • Prenatal Diagnostic Testing: Neural Tube Defects
    Interpreting Abnormal Alpha-Fetoprotein LevelsSidebar
    Other Birth DefectsTables
    Brain and Spinal Cord Defects

  • bleeding in/around

  • Hemorrhagic Stroke
    Burst and Breaks: Causes of Hemorrhagic StrokeFigures
    Intracranial Hematomas
    Pockets of Blood in the BrainFigures

  • bruise of

  • Cerebral Contusions and Lacerations

  • cancer of

  • Brain Tumors
    Tumors That Originate in or Near the Brain Tables
    Common Symptoms of Some Brain TumorsSidebar
    Understanding Tumor TreatmentSidebar

  • headache with

  • How Headaches Differ Tables
    Brain Tumors: Symptoms

  • circulation of

  • Brain
    Supplying the Brain With Blood Figures

  • testing of

  • Physical Examination: Blood Flow to the Brain

  • cysts of

  • Parasitic Infections: Other Infections

  • damage to

  • see Brain, injury to

  • death of

  • Variations in Impaired ConsciousnessSidebar

  • deep stimulation of

  • for Parkinson's disease

  • Parkinson's Disease: Deep Brain Stimulation

  • for Tourette's syndrome

  • Tics: Severe Symptoms

  • for tremors

  • Tremor: Deep Brain Stimulation

  • in dementia

  • see also Dementia
    Dementia

  • demyelination of

  • Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and Related Disorders

  • development of

  • Physical Development

  • diagnostic tests for

  • Procedures
    How Imaging Tests Help in Diagnosing Nervous System DisordersTables
    How a Spinal Tap Is DoneFigures

  • digestive system and

  • Biology of the Digestive System

  • dysfunction of

  • Brain Dysfunction
    When Specific Areas of the Brain Are DamagedFigures
    Testing a Person With AphasiaSidebar

  • in cancer

  • Some Complications of Cancer Tables
    Symptoms: Neurologic and Muscular Symptoms

  • coma with

  • Some Causes of Stupor and Coma Tables

  • in dehydration

  • Dehydration: Symptoms and Diagnosis

  • in hyperbilirubinemia

  • Hyperbilirubinemia

  • in hypercalcemia

  • Calcium: Symptoms and Diagnosis

  • in hypernatremia

  • Sodium: Hypernatremia

  • in hypocalcemia

  • Calcium: Symptoms

  • in hypoglycemia

  • Hypoglycemia: Symptoms

  • in overhydration

  • Overhydration

  • in vitamin B1 deficiency

  • Thiamin: Brain Abnormalities

  • electrical injury to

  • Electrical Injuries: Symptoms

  • hemorrhage in

  • Hemorrhagic Stroke
    Herniation: The Brain Under PressureFigures
    Intracranial Hematomas
    Pockets of Blood in the BrainFigures

  • in premature infant

  • Prematurity: Brain Hemorrhage

  • herniation of

  • Herniation: The Brain Under PressureFigures
    Head Injuries: Severe Head Injury
    Brain Tumors: Symptoms

  • infection of

  • Infections of the Brain and Spinal Cord
    Common Infections That Can Cause Meningitis Tables

  • childhood disintegrative disorder and

  • Childhood Disintegrative Disorder

  • fungal

  • Mucormycosis

  • seizures with

  • Causes of SeizuresTables

  • inflammation of

  • see Encephalitis; Encephalopathy

  • injury to

  • Head Injuries
    Herniation: The Brain Under PressureFigures
    Recognizing a Serious Head InjurySidebar

  • cardiac arrest and

  • Cardiac Arrest

  • in cerebral palsy

  • Cerebral Palsy (CP)

  • in children

  • Head Injuries: Minor Head Injury
    Skull Fracture: Skull Fractures in Children

  • in HIV infection

  • Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection: Symptoms

  • information resources on

  • Ba - Br

  • from radiation

  • Radiation Damage

  • rehabilitation after

  • Specific Problems: Brain Injuries

  • seizures with

  • Causes of SeizuresTables

  • laceration of

  • Cerebral Contusions and Lacerations

  • lightning effects on

  • Lightning Injuries: Symptoms

  • malaria effects on

  • Malaria: Falciparum Malaria

  • in movement

  • Using the Brain to Move a MuscleFigures

  • in newborn

  • Prematurity: Underdeveloped Brain

  • prion diseases of

  • Prion Diseases
    Of Sheep and CowsSidebar

  • radiation effects on

  • Radiation Injury: Acute Radiation Illness

  • radiation injury to

  • Radiation Damage

  • retinoblastoma spread to

  • Retinoblastoma

  • in seizures

  • see Seizures

  • in stroke

  • see Stroke

  • swelling (edema) of

  • in head injury

  • Herniation: The Brain Under PressureFigures
    Head Injuries: Severe Head Injury

  • at high altitudes

  • Altitude Illness: Symptoms and Diagnosis

  • in Reye's syndrome

  • What Is Reye's Syndrome?Sidebar

  • seizures with

  • Causes of SeizuresTables

  • in stroke

  • Ischemic Stroke: Symptoms

  • syphilis effects on

  • Syphilis: Tertiary (Third) Stage

  • in taste sensation

  • How People Sense FlavorsFigures

  • trauma to

  • see Brain, injury to

  • tumors of

  • Brain Tumors
    Tumors That Originate in or Near the Brain Tables
    Common Symptoms of Some Brain TumorsSidebar
    Understanding Tumor TreatmentSidebar

  • headache with

  • How Headaches Differ Tables
    Brain Tumors: Symptoms

  • water on

  • see Hydrocephalus

    Brain death

    Variations in Impaired ConsciousnessSidebar

    Brain stem

    Viewing the BrainFigures
    Brain: Brain Stem

  • nerve degeneration in

  • Spinal Muscular Atrophies

  • syrinx of

  • Syrinx

    Brain waves

    see Electroencephalography

    Bran

    Symptoms: Laxatives
    Drugs Used to Prevent or Treat ConstipationTables

    Breakbone fever

    Dengue Fever

    Breastfeeding

    Home (What to Expect)
    Feeding: Breastfeeding
    Positioning a Baby to BreastfeedFigures

  • colostrum in

  • Physical Changes: Breasts

  • discomfort with

  • Hospital (What to Expect)

  • drug use and

  • Risk Factors: Pregnancy and Breastfeeding
    Precautions With Over-the-Counter Drugs: Pregnant and Breastfeeding Women
    Taking Drugs While BreastfeedingSidebar

  • high bilirubin levels and

  • Hyperbilirubinemia
    Hyperbilirubinemia: Treatment

  • HIV transmission with

  • Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection: Transmission of Infection

  • of newborn

  • Initial Care
    First Few Days

  • preparation for

  • Self-Care: Preparing for Breastfeeding

    Breast milk

    Feeding: Benefits of Breastfeeding

  • abnormal production of (galactorrhea)

  • Galactorrhea

  • absence of

  • Hypopituitarism: Prolactin Deficiency

  • production of

  • Hospital (What to Expect)

    Breasts

  • abscess of

  • Staphylococcus aureus Infections: Symptoms
    Infection and Abscess

  • after childbirth

  • Hospital (What to Expect)

  • age-associated changes in

  • Effects of Aging

  • anatomy of

  • Inside the BreastFigures

  • biopsy of

  • Cancer: Diagnosis

  • cancer of

  • Cancer
    Stages of Breast CancerTables

  • hormone replacement therapy and

  • Menopause: Hormone Therapy

  • in male

  • Breast Disorders in MenSidebar

  • metastatic

  • Cancer: Staging
    Stages of Breast CancerTables
    Cancer: Treatment of Cancer That Has Spread (Stage IV)
    Cancer: End-of-Life Issues

  • nipple discharge in

  • Breast Disorders: Nipple Discharge

  • oral contraceptives and

  • Contraception: Disadvantages

  • receptors in

  • Cancer: Characteristics

  • risk factors for

  • Cancer
    What Are the Risks of Developing or Dying of Breast Cancer?Tables
    Risk Factors for Breast CancerSidebar

  • screening for

  • Selected Screening Schedule for AdultsTables
    Diagnosis: Screening
    Cancer Screening Recommendations Tables
    Cancer: Screening
    How to Perform a Breast Self-ExaminationFigures

  • staging of

  • Diagnosis: Staging
    Cancer: Staging
    Stages of Breast CancerTables

  • treatment of

  • Cancer: Treatment
    Surgery for Breast CancerFigures
    What Is a Sentinel Lymph Node?Figures
    Rebuilding a BreastFigures
    How Lymph Node Status Influences SurvivalTables

  • cystosarcoma phyllodes of

  • Cancer: Types
    Cancer: Treatment of Specific Types of Breast Cancer

  • cysts of

  • Cysts

  • development of

  • Puberty

  • discharge from

  • Breast Disorders: Nipple Discharge

  • during pregnancy

  • Physical Changes: Breasts

  • disorders of

  • Breast Disorders

  • engorgement of

  • Hospital (What to Expect)

  • enlargement of (gynecomastia)

  • Breast Disorders in MenSidebar

  • examination of

  • Cancer Screening Recommendations Tables
    Gynecologic Evaluation: Gynecologic Examination
    How to Perform a Breast Self-ExaminationFigures
    Cancer: Screening

  • fibroadenoma of

  • Fibroadenomas

  • fibrocystic disease of

  • Fibrocystic Breast Disease

  • infection of

  • Infection and Abscess

  • after childbirth

  • Infections: Breast Infection

  • lump(s) in

  • Breast Disorders: Breast Lumps
    Fibroadenomas
    Cancer: Symptoms

  • mammography of

  • Diagnosis: Screening
    Cancer Screening Recommendations Tables
    Cancer: Screening
    Diagnostic Procedures Tables

  • milk production in

  • Hospital (What to Expect)

  • Paget's disease of

  • Cancer: Types
    Cancer: Diagnosis
    Cancer: Treatment of Specific Types of Breast Cancer

  • pain in

  • Breast Disorders: Breast Pain

  • physician examination of

  • Cancer: Screening

  • during pregnancy

  • Physical Changes: Breasts

  • reconstruction of

  • Cancer: Surgery
    Rebuilding a BreastFigures

  • self-examination of

  • Diagnosis: Screening
    Cancer Screening Recommendations Tables
    How to Perform a Breast Self-ExaminationFigures
    Cancer: Screening

    Breath

    see also Breathing

  • bad (halitosis)

  • Understanding HalitosisSidebar

  • holding of

  • by children

  • Breath-Holding Spells

  • by scuba diver

  • Barotrauma: Pulmonary Barotrauma

  • shortness of

  • Symptoms: Shortness of Breath
    Symptoms: Dyspnea

  • in asbestosis

  • Asbestosis: Symptoms

  • in asthma

  • Asthma: Symptoms

  • in cancer

  • Symptoms: Respiratory Symptoms

  • in COPD

  • Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): Symptoms

  • in coronary artery disease

  • Acute Coronary Syndromes (Heart Attack; Myocardial Infarction; Unstable Angina): Symptoms

  • in dilated cardiomyopathy

  • Dilated Cardiomyopathy: Symptoms

  • in dying person

  • Symptoms During a Fatal Illness: Shortness of Breath

  • in heart failure

  • Symptoms: Causes
    Heart Failure: Symptoms

  • in Hodgkin lymphoma

  • Symptoms of Hodgkin LymphomaTables

  • in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

  • Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Symptoms

  • in mitral stenosis

  • Mitral Stenosis: Symptoms and Diagnosis

  • in non-Hodgkin lymphoma

  • Symptoms of Non-Hodgkin LymphomaTables

  • in pulmonary hypertension

  • Pulmonary Hypertension: Symptoms

  • pulmonary rehabilitation for

  • Rehabilitation for Lung and Airway Disorders

  • in scoliosis

  • Symptoms: Lung Disorders

  • smoke inhalation and

  • Smoke InhalationSidebar

  • stridor with

  • Symptoms: Stridor

  • in tuberculosis

  • Tuberculosis: Pulmonary Tuberculosis

    Breathing

    see also Breath

  • cessation of (apnea)

  • in newborn

  • Prematurity: Underdeveloped Brain

  • in premature infant

  • Apnea of Prematurity

  • in chest examination

  • Diagnosis: Medical History and Physical Examination

  • control of

  • Control of Breathing
    Diaphragm's Role in BreathingFigures

  • in dying person

  • Symptoms During a Fatal Illness: Shortness of Breath

  • emergency-related evaluation of

  • Cardiac Arrest

  • in epiglottitis

  • Epiglottitis
    Epiglottitis: Symptoms

  • exercises for

  • Chest Physical Therapy: Breathing Exercises

  • for natural childbirth

  • Natural ChildbirthSidebar

  • in newborn

  • Fetus or Newborn Problems: Breathing Problems
    Birth Injury: Nerve Injury
    Prematurity: Underdeveloped Brain

  • problems with

  • Respiratory Distress Syndrome

  • periodic (Cheyne-Stokes)

  • Heart Failure: Symptoms
    Sleep Apnea: Symptoms
    Stupor and Coma: Symptoms
    Stupor and Coma: Physical Examination

  • in pneumonia prevention

  • Pneumonia: Prevention

  • during pregnancy

  • Physical Changes: Respiratory Tract

  • pursed-lip

  • Chest Physical Therapy: Breathing Exercises

  • in respiratory tract infection

  • Respiratory Tract Infections: Symptoms and Complications

  • shortness of

  • see Breath, shortness of

  • stopping of, by children

  • Breath-Holding Spells

  • stridor during

  • Symptoms: Stridor

  • in croup

  • Croup: Symptoms and Diagnosis

  • in epiglottitis

  • Epiglottitis: Symptoms

  • in respiratory tract infection

  • Respiratory Tract Infections: Symptoms and Complications

  • wheezing during

  • Symptoms: Wheezing
    Asthma: Symptoms and Diagnosis

    Breech (buttocks-first) presentation

    Labor
    Position and Presentation of the FetusFigures
    Fetus or Newborn Problems: Abnormal Position and Presentation of the Fetus
    Physical Examination

    Bridges, dental

    Cavities: Bridges, Crowns, and Implants
    Crowns, Bridges, and ImplantsFigures

    Brief psychotic disorder

    Disorders That Resemble SchizophreniaSidebar

    Brimonidine

    Drugs Used to Treat GlaucomaTables

    Brinzolamide

    Drugs Used to Treat GlaucomaTables

    Broca's aphasia

    Specific Types of Dysfunction: Broca's (Expressive) Aphasia
    Testing a Person With AphasiaSidebar

    Bromhidrosis

    Excessive Sweating

    Bromocriptine

  • in acromegaly

  • Acromegaly and Gigantism: Treatment

  • in ovulation problems

  • Problems With Ovulation: Treatment

  • in Parkinson's disease

  • Drugs Used to Treat Parkinson's DiseaseTables

  • in prolactinoma

  • Hypopituitarism: Treatment
    Galactorrhea: Treatment

    Brompheniramine