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THE MERCK MANUAL MEDICAL LIBRARY: The Merck Manual of Medical Information--Home Edition
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Br

Braces (orthodontic therapy)

Biology of the Mouth
Malocclusion: Prevention and Treatment

Brachial neuritis

Plexus Disorders: Causes

Brachial plexus

Plexus Disorders
Nerve Junction Boxes: The PlexusesFigures

Brachytherapy

Cancer: Radiation Therapy

Bradbury-Eggleston Syndrome

Pure Autonomic Failure

Bradyarrhythmias

Abnormal Heart Rhythms: Causes

Bradycardia

Abnormal Heart Rhythms
Pacemaker Dysfunction

  • in apnea of prematurity

  • Apnea of Prematurity: Symptoms and Diagnosis

    Bradycardia-tachycardia syndrome

    Pacemaker Dysfunction

    Brain

  • abscess of

  • Abscess of the Brain

  • with ear infection

  • Middle Ear Infections: Acute Middle Ear Infection

  • headache with

  • How Headaches Differ Tables

  • in meningitis

  • Meningitis: Symptoms and Diagnosis

  • age-associated changes in

  • Changes in the Body: Brain and Nervous System
    How the Body Ages: Some Normal ChangesTables
    Effects of Aging: Brain

  • in Alzheimer's disease

  • Dementia: Alzheimer's Disease

  • anencephaly of

  • Prenatal Diagnostic Testing: Neural Tube Defects
    Interpreting Abnormal Alpha-Fetoprotein LevelsSidebar

  • aneurysm of

  • Hemorrhagic Stroke: Causes

  • biology of

  • Brain
    Viewing the BrainFigures

  • biopsy of

  • Brain Tumors: Diagnosis
    Abscess of the Brain: Symptoms and Diagnosis

  • birth defects of

  • Prenatal Diagnostic Testing: Neural Tube Defects
    Interpreting Abnormal Alpha-Fetoprotein LevelsSidebar
    Other Birth DefectsTables
    Brain and Spinal Cord Defects

  • bleeding in/around

  • Hemorrhagic Stroke
    Burst and Breaks: Causes of Hemorrhagic StrokeFigures
    Intracranial Hematomas
    Pockets of Blood in the BrainFigures

  • bruise of

  • Cerebral Contusions and Lacerations

  • cancer of

  • Brain Tumors
    Tumors That Originate in or Near the Brain Tables
    Common Symptoms of Some Brain TumorsSidebar
    Understanding Tumor TreatmentSidebar
    Radiation Damage

  • headache with

  • How Headaches Differ Tables
    Brain Tumors: Symptoms

  • circulation of

  • Brain
    Supplying the Brain With BloodFigures

  • testing of

  • Physical Examination: Blood Flow to the Brain

  • cysts of

  • Parasitic Infections

  • damage to

  • see Brain, injury to

  • death of

  • Stupor and Coma: Prognosis

  • deep stimulation of

  • for Parkinson's disease

  • Parkinson's Disease: Deep Brain Stimulation

  • for Tourette's syndrome

  • Tics: Severe Symptoms

  • for tremors

  • Tremor: Deep Brain Stimulation

  • in dementia

  • see also Dementia
    Dementia

  • demyelination of

  • Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and Related Disorders

  • development of

  • Physical Development

  • diagnostic tests for

  • Procedures
    How Imaging Tests Help in Diagnosing Nervous System DisordersTables
    How a Spinal Tap Is DoneFigures

  • digestive system and

  • Biology of the Digestive System

  • dysfunction of

  • Brain Dysfunction
    When Specific Areas of the Brain Are DamagedFigures
    Testing a Person With AphasiaSidebar

  • in cancer

  • Some Complications of Cancer Tables
    Symptoms: Neurologic and Muscular Symptoms

  • coma with

  • Some Causes of Stupor and Coma Tables

  • in dehydration

  • Dehydration

  • in hyperbilirubinemia

  • Hyperbilirubinemia

  • in hypercalcemia

  • Calcium: Hypercalcemia

  • in hypernatremia

  • Sodium: Hypernatremia

  • in hypocalcemia

  • Calcium: Hypocalcemia

  • in hypoglycemia

  • Hypoglycemia: Symptoms

  • in hyponatremia

  • Sodium: Hyponatremia

  • in overhydration

  • Overhydration

  • in vitamin B1 deficiency

  • Thiamin: Brain Abnormalities

  • electrical injury to

  • Electrical Injuries: Symptoms

  • hemorrhage in

  • Hemorrhagic Stroke
    Herniation: The Brain Under PressureFigures
    Intracranial Hematomas
    Pockets of Blood in the BrainFigures

  • in premature infant

  • Prematurity: Brain Hemorrhage

  • herniation of

  • Herniation: The Brain Under PressureFigures
    Head Injuries: Severe Head Injury
    Brain Tumors: Symptoms

  • infection of

  • Infections of the Brain and Spinal Cord
    Some Infections That Can Cause MeningitisSidebar

  • childhood disintegrative disorder and

  • Childhood Disintegrative Disorder

  • fungal

  • Mucormycosis

  • seizures with

  • Causes of Seizures Tables

  • inflammation of

  • see Encephalitis; Encephalopathy

  • injury to

  • Head Injuries
    Herniation: The Brain Under PressureFigures
    Recognizing a Serious Head InjurySidebar

  • cardiac arrest and

  • Cardiac Arrest

  • in cerebral palsy

  • Cerebral Palsy (CP)

  • in children

  • Head Injuries: Minor Head Injury
    Skull Fracture: Skull Fractures in Children

  • in HIV infection

  • Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection: Symptoms

  • information resources on

  • Ba - Br

  • from radiation

  • Radiation Damage

  • rehabilitation after

  • Specific Problems: Brain Injuries

  • seizures with

  • Causes of Seizures Tables

  • laceration of

  • Cerebral Contusions and Lacerations

  • lightning effects on

  • Lightning Injuries: Symptoms

  • malaria effects on

  • Malaria: Falciparum Malaria

  • in movement

  • Using the Brain to Move a MuscleFigures

  • in newborn

  • Prematurity: Underdeveloped Brain

  • prion diseases of

  • Prion Diseases
    Of Sheep and CowsSidebar

  • radiation effects on

  • Radiation Injury: Acute Radiation Illness

  • retinoblastoma spread to

  • Retinoblastoma

  • in seizures

  • see Seizures

  • in stroke

  • see Stroke

  • swelling (edema) of

  • in head injury

  • Herniation: The Brain Under PressureFigures
    Head Injuries: Severe Head Injury

  • at high altitudes

  • Altitude Illness: Symptoms and Diagnosis

  • in Reye's syndrome

  • What Is Reye's Syndrome?Sidebar

  • seizures with

  • Causes of Seizures Tables

  • in stroke

  • Ischemic Stroke: Symptoms

  • syphilis effects on

  • Syphilis: Symptoms

  • in taste sensation

  • How People Sense FlavorsFigures

  • trauma to

  • see Brain, injury to

  • tumors of

  • Brain Tumors
    Tumors That Originate in or Near the Brain Tables
    Common Symptoms of Some Brain TumorsSidebar
    Understanding Tumor TreatmentSidebar
    Radiation Damage

  • headache with

  • How Headaches Differ Tables
    Brain Tumors: Symptoms

  • water on

  • see Hydrocephalus

    Brain death

    Stupor and Coma: Prognosis

    Brain stem

    Viewing the BrainFigures
    Brain: Brain Stem

  • nerve degeneration in

  • Spinal Muscular Atrophies

  • syrinx of

  • Syrinx

    Brain waves

    see Electroencephalography

    Bran

    Symptoms: Laxatives
    Drugs Used to Prevent or Treat ConstipationTables

    Breakbone fever

    Dengue Fever

    Breastfeeding

    Home (What to Expect)
    Feeding: Breastfeeding
    Positioning a Baby to BreastfeedFigures

  • colostrum in

  • Physical Changes: Breasts

  • discomfort with

  • Hospital (What to Expect)

  • drug use and

  • Risk Factors: Pregnancy and Breastfeeding
    Precautions With Over-the-Counter Drugs: Pregnant and Breastfeeding Women
    Taking Drugs While BreastfeedingSidebar

  • high bilirubin levels and

  • Hyperbilirubinemia
    Hyperbilirubinemia: Treatment

  • HIV transmission with

  • Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection: Transmission of Infection

  • of newborn

  • Initial Care
    First Few Days

  • preparation for

  • Self-Care: Preparing for Breastfeeding

    Breast milk

    Feeding: Benefits of Breastfeeding

  • abnormal production of (galactorrhea)

  • Galactorrhea

  • absence of

  • Hypopituitarism: Prolactin Deficiency

  • production of

  • Hospital (What to Expect)

    Breasts

  • abscess of

  • Staphylococcal Infections: Symptoms
    Infection and Abscess

  • after childbirth

  • Hospital (What to Expect)

  • age-associated changes in

  • Effects of Aging

  • anatomy of

  • Inside the BreastFigures

  • biopsy of

  • Cancer: Diagnosis

  • cancer of

  • Cancer
    Stages of Breast CancerTables

  • hormone replacement therapy and

  • Menopause: Hormone Therapy

  • in male

  • Breast Disorders in MenSidebar

  • metastatic

  • Cancer: Staging
    Stages of Breast CancerTables
    Cancer: Treatment of Cancer That Has Spread (Stage IV)
    Cancer: End-of-Life Issues

  • nipple discharge in

  • Breast Disorders: Nipple Discharge

  • oral contraceptives and

  • Contraception: Disadvantages

  • receptors in

  • Cancer: Characteristics

  • risk factors for

  • Cancer
    What Are the Risks of Developing or Dying of Breast Cancer?Tables
    Risk Factors for Breast CancerSidebar

  • screening for

  • Selected Screening Schedule for AdultsTables
    Diagnosis: Screening
    Cancer Screening Recommendations Tables
    Cancer: Screening
    How to Perform a Breast Self-ExaminationFigures

  • staging of

  • Diagnosis: Staging
    Cancer: Staging
    Stages of Breast CancerTables

  • treatment of

  • Cancer: Treatment
    Surgery for Breast CancerFigures
    What Is a Sentinel Lymph Node?Figures
    Rebuilding a BreastFigures
    How Lymph Node Status Influences SurvivalTables

  • cystosarcoma phyllodes of

  • Cancer: Types
    Cancer: Treatment of Specific Types of Breast Cancer

  • cysts of

  • Cysts

  • development of

  • Puberty

  • discharge from

  • Breast Disorders: Nipple Discharge

  • during pregnancy

  • Physical Changes: Breasts

  • disorders of

  • Breast Disorders

  • engorgement of

  • Hospital (What to Expect)

  • enlargement of (gynecomastia)

  • Breast Disorders in MenSidebar

  • examination of

  • Cancer Screening Recommendations Tables
    Gynecologic Evaluation: Gynecologic Examination
    How to Perform a Breast Self-ExaminationFigures
    Cancer: Screening

  • fibroadenoma of

  • Fibroadenomas

  • fibrocystic disease of

  • Fibrocystic Breast Disease

  • infection of

  • Infection and Abscess

  • after childbirth

  • Infections: Breast Infection

  • lump(s) in

  • Breast Disorders: Breast Lumps
    Fibroadenomas
    Cancer: Symptoms

  • mammography of

  • Diagnosis: Screening
    Cancer Screening Recommendations Tables
    Cancer: Screening
    Diagnostic Procedures Tables

  • milk production in

  • Hospital (What to Expect)

  • Paget's disease of

  • Paget's Disease
    Cancer: Types
    Cancer: Diagnosis
    Cancer: Treatment of Specific Types of Breast Cancer

  • pain in

  • Breast Disorders: Breast Pain

  • physician examination of

  • Cancer: Screening

  • during pregnancy

  • Physical Changes: Breasts

  • reconstruction of

  • Cancer: Surgery
    Rebuilding a BreastFigures

  • self-examination of

  • Diagnosis: Screening
    Cancer Screening Recommendations Tables
    How to Perform a Breast Self-ExaminationFigures
    Cancer: Screening

    Breath

    see also Breathing

  • bad (halitosis)

  • Understanding HalitosisSidebar

  • holding of

  • by children

  • Breath-Holding Spells

  • by scuba diver

  • Barotrauma: Pulmonary Barotrauma

  • shortness of

  • Symptoms: Shortness of Breath
    Symptoms: Dyspnea

  • in asbestosis

  • Asbestosis: Symptoms

  • in asthma

  • Asthma: Symptoms and Complications

  • in cancer

  • Symptoms: Respiratory Symptoms

  • in COPD

  • Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): Symptoms

  • in coronary artery disease

  • Acute Coronary Syndromes (Heart Attack; Myocardial Infarction; Unstable Angina): Symptoms

  • in dilated cardiomyopathy

  • Dilated Cardiomyopathy: Symptoms

  • in dying person

  • Symptoms During a Fatal Illness: Shortness of Breath

  • in heart failure

  • Symptoms: Causes
    Heart Failure: Symptoms

  • in Hodgkin's disease

  • Symptoms of Hodgkin's Disease Tables

  • in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

  • Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Symptoms

  • in mitral stenosis

  • Mitral Stenosis: Symptoms and Diagnosis

  • in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma

  • Symptoms of Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Tables

  • in obesity

  • Obesity: Symptoms

  • in pulmonary hypertension

  • Pulmonary Hypertension: Symptoms

  • pulmonary rehabilitation for

  • Rehabilitation for Lung and Airway Disorders

  • in scoliosis

  • Symptoms: Lung Disorders

  • in silicosis

  • Silicosis: Symptoms and Diagnosis

  • smoke inhalation and

  • Smoke InhalationSidebar

  • stridor with

  • Symptoms: Stridor

  • in tuberculosis

  • Tuberculosis (TB): Symptoms and Complications

    Breathing

    see also Breath

  • cessation of (apnea)

  • in newborn

  • Prematurity: Underdeveloped Brain

  • in premature infant

  • Apnea of Prematurity

  • in sleep

  • Obesity: Symptoms

  • in chest examination

  • Diagnosis: Medical History and Physical Examination

  • control of

  • Control of Breathing
    Diaphragm's Role in BreathingFigures

  • in dying person

  • Symptoms During a Fatal Illness: Shortness of Breath

  • emergency-related evaluation of

  • Cardiac Arrest

  • in epiglottitis

  • Epiglottitis
    Epiglottitis: Symptoms

  • exercises for

  • Chest Physical Therapy: Breathing Exercises

  • for natural childbirth

  • Natural ChildbirthSidebar

  • in newborn

  • Fetus or Newborn Problems: Breathing Problems
    Birth Injury: Nerve Injury
    Prematurity: Underdeveloped Brain

  • problems with

  • Respiratory Distress Syndrome

  • periodic (Cheyne-Stokes)

  • Heart Failure: Symptoms
    Sleep Apnea: Symptoms
    Stupor and Coma: Diagnosis

  • in pneumonia prevention

  • Pneumonia: Prevention and Treatment

  • during pregnancy

  • Physical Changes: Respiratory Tract

  • pursed-lip

  • Chest Physical Therapy: Breathing Exercises

  • in respiratory tract infection

  • Respiratory Tract Infections: Symptoms and Complications

  • shortness of

  • see Breath, shortness of

  • stopping of, by children

  • Breath-Holding Spells

  • stridor during

  • Symptoms: Stridor

  • in croup

  • Croup: Symptoms and Diagnosis