Periodontal diseases inflame and destroy the structures surrounding and supporting the teeth, primarily the gums, the jawbones, and the outer layer of the tooth root.

Periodontal diseases are caused mainly by accumulation of bacteria. They are more likely to occur in people with poor oral hygiene, in people who smoke, and in people with certain diseases and disorders, such as diabetes mellitus, poor nutrition, leukemia, and AIDS.

Did You Know... During pregnancy, gingivitis may develop or worsen because pregnant women may unintentionally neglect oral hygiene because of fatigue or morning sickness.

Last full review/revision October 2008 by James T. Ubertalli, DMD