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We gratefully acknowledge the expertise of the contributors
to our current online version. The subject(s) that they are responsible
for are listed after their affiliations.
Bola Adamolekun, MD
Director of Epilepsy, Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health
Sciences Center
Seizure Disorders
Roy D. Altman, MD
Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, University of California, Los Angeles
Joint Disorders; Paget's Disease of Bone
Bradley D. Anawalt, MD
Associate Professor of Medicine, University of Washington; Associate Chief of Medicine, VA Puget Sound
Male Reproductive Endocrinology
Gerald L. Andriole, MD
Professor and Chief of Urologic Surgery, Barnes-Jewish Hospital, Washington University School
of Medicine
Benign Prostate Disease
Parswa Ansari, MD
Assistant Program Director, Department of Surgery, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York
GI Bleeding; Acute Abdomen and Surgical Gastroenterology;
Anorectal Disorders
Brian R. Apatoff, MD, PhD
Director, Multiple Sclerosis Clinical Care and Research
Center, Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Weill Medical College of Cornell University; New York
Presbyterian Hospital
Demyelinating Disorders
Noel A. Armenakas, MD
Clinical Associate Professor of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical School; Attending Surgeon, Lenox Hill Hospital and New York Presbyterian Hospital
Genitourinary Tract Trauma
J. Malcolm O. Arnold, BSc, MD, FRCP, FACC, FACP
Professor of Medicine, Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario; Cardiologist, University Hospital, London Health Sciences Center
Heart Failure; Cardiomyopathies
John A. Astin, PhD
California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco
Complementary and Alternative Medicine
Alexander Auchus, MD
Professor of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center
Delirium and Dementia; Function and Dysfunction of the
Cerebral Lobes
George L. Bakris, MD
Professor of Medicine and Director, Hypertension Unit,
Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Chicago-Pritzker School of Medicine,
Rush Medical Center
Arterial Hypertension
David H. Barad, MD, MS
Associate Clinical Professor, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx
Approach to the Gynecologic Patient
Robert Barish, MD, MBA
Professor of Emergency Medicine, Chancellor, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center at Shreveport
Bites and Stings
John G. Bartlett, MD
Professor of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
Acute Bronchitis; Pneumonia; Lung Abscess
Rosemary Basson, MD, FRCP (UK)
Clinical Professor, Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia and Vancouver Hospital
Sexual Dysfunction in Women
Byron E. Batteiger, MD
Professor of Medicine and Microbiology and Immunology,
Division of Infectious Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine
Chlamydia and Mycoplasmas
J. Brad Bellotte, MD
Department of Neurosurgery, Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh
Spinal Trauma
Joshua O. Benditt, MD
Professor of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University
of Washington School of Medicine; Director of Respiratory Care Medicine, University of Washington Medical Center
Bronchiectasis
James R. Berenson, MD
Medical and Scientific Director, Institute for Myeloma and Bone Cancer Research
Plasma Cell Disorders
Cheston M. Berlin, Jr., MD
University Professor of Pediatrics, Penn State Children's Hospital, M. S. Hershey Medical
Center, Hershey
Principles of Drug Treatment in Children
Brian M. Berman, MD
Professor of Family Medicine; Director, Center for Integrative
Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine
Complementary and Alternative Medicine
Jessica R. Berman, MD
Assistant Professor of Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University; Assistant Attending Physician, Hospital for Special Surgery
Approach to the Patient with Joint Disease
Richard W. Besdine, MD
Professor of Medicine, Greer Professor of Geriatric Medicine,
and Director, Division of Geratrics (Medicine) and Director of Center
for Gerontology and Healthcare Research, Brown Medical School
Geriatric Medicine
Adil E. Bharucha, MBBS, MD
Professor of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic
College of Medicine
Approach to the Patient With Lower GI Complaints; Irritable
Bowel Syndrome
Albert Biglan, MD
Adjunct Associate Professor of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Staff Physician, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh
Eye Defects and Conditions
Joseph J. Biundo, MD
Clinical Professor of Medicine, Tulane Medical Center
Bursa, Muscle, and Tendon Disorders
Sean C. Blackwell, MD
Assistant Professor, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Texas Health
Sciences Center at Houston
Pregnancy Complicated by Disease
Russell Blair, MD
Fellow, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Immunologic
Diseases, Wake Forest University Baptist Medical Center
Asthma
Ann S. Botash, MD
Professor of Pediatrics, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University
Child Maltreatment
Alfred A. Bove, MD, PhD
Chief of Cardiology, Cardiology Section, Temple University School of Medicine
Injury During Diving or Work in Compressed Air
Karen Bowen, MD
Assistant Clinical Professor of Medicine, The George Washington University; Associate Medical Director, Community Hospices of The Washington Home
The Dying Patient
Thomas G. Boyce, MD, MPH
Associate Professor of Pediatrics and Consultant in Pediatric
Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine
Gastroenteritis
Peter C. Brazy, MD
Professor of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison
Abnormal Renal Transport Syndromes; Anomalies in Kidney
Transport
Jeremy S. Breit, MD
Fellow, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Immunologic
Diseases, Wake Forest University Baptist Medical Center
Asthma
Christian M. Briery, MD
Assistant Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division
of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, University of Tennessee-Chatanooga Unit
High-Risk Pregnancy
George R. Brown, MD
Professor and Associate Chairman, Department of Psychiatry, East Tennessee State University; Chief of Psychiatry, James H. Quillen VAMC
Sexuality and Sexual Disorders
Haywood L. Brown, MD
Roy T. Parker Professor and Chair, Department of Obstetrics
and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center
Normal Pregnancy, Labor, and Delivery
Robert G. Brzyski, MD, PhD
Associate Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio
Female Reproductive Endocrinology
Rebecca H. Buckley, MD
J. Buren Sidbury Professor of Pediatrics and Professor
of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine
Immunodeficiency Disorders
Juan R. Bustillo, MD
Associate Professor of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, University of New Mexico
Schizophrenia and Related Disorders
Charles Lee Caperton II, MD
Assistant Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio
Female Reproductive Endocrinology
Mary T. Caserta, MD
Associate Professor of Pediatrics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry; Attending Physician, Golisano Children's Hospital at Strong
Enteroviruses; Other Viruses; Neonatal Infections
Bruce A. Chabner, MD
Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Clinical Director, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center
Overview of Cancer; Principles of Cancer Therapy
Ian M. Chapman, MBBS, PhD
Associate Professor of Endocrinology, University of Adelaide, Department of Medicine, Royal
Adelaide Hospital
Pituitary Disorders
Rachel L. Chapman, MD
Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine
Perinatal Physiology; Approach to the Care of Infants
and Children; Caring for Sick Children and Their Families
Jill M. Cholette, MD
Critical Care Pediatrics Fellow, University of Rochester School of Medicine
and Dentistry
Perinatal Hematologic Disorders
William J. Cochran, MD
Vice Chairman, Department of Pediatrics, Geisinger Clinic, Danville, PA
Congenital Gastrointestinal Anomalies; Gastrointestinal
Disorders in Neonates and Infants
Alan S. Cohen, MD
Distinguished Professor of Medicine (Emeritus), Conrad
Wessolhoeft Professor of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine; Editor-in-Chief, Amyloid: The Journal of Protein Folding
Disorders
Amyloidosis
Robert B. Cohen, DMD
Clinical Associate Professor and Practice Coordinator, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine
Approach to Dental and Oral Symptoms
Sidney Cohen, MD
Professor of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital
Bezoars and Foreign Bodies; Gastritis and
Peptic Ulcer Disease; Esophageal and Swallowing Disorders; Hepatitis
Nananda F. Col, MD, MPP, MPH, FACP
Associate Professor of Medicine, Brown University Medical School
Clinical Decision Making
Kathryn Colby, MD, PhD
Assistant Professor of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School; Director, Clinical Research Center, Massachusetts
Eye and Ear Infirmary
Approach to the Ophthalmologic Patient;
Eye Injuries; Cataract
Daniel W. Collison, MD
Associate Professor of Medicine and Surgery,
Section of Dermatology, Dartmouth Medical School
Psoriasis and Scaling Diseases; Sweating
Disorders; Benign Tumors; Pressure Ulcers
Eve R. Colson, MD
Associate Professor of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine; Director, Well Newborn Nursery, Yale-New Haven Hospital
Perinatal Physiology; Approach to the Care
of Infants and Children; Caring for Sick Children and Their Families
Mary Ann Cooper, MD
Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago
Electrical and Lightning Injuries
Bryan D. Cowan, MD
Professor and Chairman, Department of Obstetrics and
Gynecology, University of Mississippi Medical Center
Uterine Fibroids
Jill P. Crandall, MD
Associate Professor of Clinical Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine
Diabetes Mellitus and Disorders of Carbohydrate Metabolism
Ricardo Cruciani, MD, PhD
Clinical Assistant and Professor, Department
of Neurology and Anesthesiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Director, Research Division, Department of
Pain Medicine and Palliative Care, Beth Israel Medical Center
Neurotransmission
Burke A. Cunha, MD
Professor of Medicine, State University of New York School of
Medicine; Chief, Infectious Disease Division, Winthrop-University Hospital, Mineola
Spirochetes; Gram-Negative Bacilli
Emmett T. Cunningham, Jr., MD, PhD, MPH
Professor of Ophthalmology, Stanford University; Director, The Uveitis Service, California Pacific Medical
Center and Clinic
Uveitis
Drew C. Cutler, MD
Associate Professor of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University School of Medicine
Cystic Kidney Disease
Ralph E. Cutler, MD
Professor of Medicine (Emeritus), Loma Linda University School of Medicine; Consultant in Nephrology, Loma Linda VAMC
Approach to the Genitourinary Patient; Obstructive Uropathy;
Renal Replacement Therapy; Tubulointerstitial Diseases; Urinary
Tract Infections
Johanna P. Daily, MD
Associate Physician, Brigham and Women's Hospital; Instructor, Harvard Medical School
Viruses
Patricia A. Daly, MD
Visiting Assistant Professor of Medicine, University of Virginia; Clinical Endocrinologist, Front Royal Internal Medicine, VA
Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Syndromes
Daniel F. Danzl, MD
Professor and Chair of Emergency Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine
Cold Injury
Norman L. Dean, MD, FCCP, FACP
Fellow (Emeritus), American College of Chest Physicians; Lifetime Fellow, American College of Physicians
Drowning
Alan H. DeCherney, MD
Branch Chief, Reproductive Biology and Medicine, National Institute of Child Health and
Human Development, National Institutes of Health
Endometriosis
Peter J. Delves, PhD
Reader in Immunology, Department of Immunology and
Molecular Pathology, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London
Biology of the Immune System; Allergic and
Other Hypersensitivity Disorders
Ara DerMarderosian, PhD
Professor of Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Chemistry,
Roth Chair of Natural Products, Scientific Director, Complementary
and Alternative Medicine Institute, University of the Sciences in Philadelphia, Philadelphia
College of Pharmacy
Dietary Supplements
Deepinder K. Dhaliwal, MD
Associate Professor, Department of Ophthalmology, University
of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Director of Cornea/External Disease and Director
of Refractive Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center
Eye Center; Medical Director, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center
Laser Center; Director and Founder, Center for Integrative Eye Care, University of Pittsburgh
Refractive Error
A. Damian Dhar, MD, JD
Private Practice, Atlanta Dermatology, Vein and Research Center
Bacterial Skin Infections; Fungal Skin Infections
Michael C. DiMarino, MD
Clinical Assistant Professor of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology,
Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University
Esophageal and Swallowing Disorders; Diverticular Disease
James G. H. Dinulos, MD
Assistant Professor of Medicine and Pediatrics (Dermatology), Dartmouth-Hitchcock Clinic
Parasitic Skin Infections; Viral Skin Diseases; Cornification
Disorders
Caroline Carney Doebbeling, MD, MSc
Associate Professor of Psychiatry and Internal Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine; Research Scientist, Regenstrief Institute
Approach to the Patient With Mental Complaints
Karl Doghramji, MD
Professor of Psychiatry and Human Behavior
and Medical Director, Jefferson Sleep Disorders Center, Thomas
Jefferson University
Sleep and Wakefulness Disorders
Jeffrey S. Dungan, MD
Associate Professor, Department of Obstetrics
and Gynecology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School
of Medicine
Prenatal Genetic Counseling and Evaluation
Soumitra R. Eachempati, MD
Associate Professor of Surgery and Public
Health, New York Presbyterian–Weill Cornell
Approach to the Critically Ill Patient
Megan A. Economidis, MD
Associate Director, Fellowship in Family
Planning, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,
Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California
Family Planning
David Eidelberg, MD
Susan and Leonard Feinstein Professor of
Neurology and Neurosurgery, New York University School of Medicine; Director, Center for Neurosciences, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research,
North Shore--Long Island Jewish Health System
Movement and Cerebellar Disorders
Sherman Elias, MD
John J. Sciarra Professor and Chair, Department
of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School
of Medicine; Chairman, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Prentice Women's Hospital of Northwestern
Memorial Hospital
Prenatal Genetic Counseling and Evaluation
Jan Fawcett, MD
Professor of Psychiatry, University of New Mexico School of Medicine
Mood Disorders
Norah C. Feeny, PhD
Assistant Professor, Department of Psychiatry
and Psychology, University Hospitals of Cleveland and Case
Western Reserve University
Medical Examination of the Rape Victim
Thomas M. File, Jr., MD, MS
Professor of Internal Medicine and Master
Teacher, Northeastern Ohio Universities College
of Medicine; Chief, Infectious Disease Service, Summa Health System
Gram-Positive Cocci; Gram-Positive Bacilli
Michael C. Fiore, MD
Professor of Medicine and Director, Center
for Tobacco Research and Intervention, University of Wisconsin Medical School
Smoking Cessation
Chin-to Fong, MD
Associate Professor of Pediatrics, Biochemistry
& Biophysics, and Dentistry, and Chief, Division of Pediatric
Genetics, University of Rochester School of Medicine
and Dentistry
Inherited Disorders of Metabolism
Steven D. Freedman, MD, PhD
Associate Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Director, The Pancreas Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
Pancreatitis
Emil J. Freireich, MD
Professor, Department of Leukemia, and Director, Adult
Leukemia Research Programs, University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer
Centers
Leukemias
Eugene P. Frenkel, MD
Professor of Internal Medicine and Radiology,
Patsy R. and Raymond D. Nasher Distinguished Chair in Cancer Research;
Elaine Dewey Sammons Distinguished Chair in Cancer Research in honor
of Eugene P. Frenkel, MD; and A. Kenneth Pye Professorship in Cancer
Research, Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical
Center at Dallas
Iron Overload
Marvin P. Fried, MD
Professor and Chairman, Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head
& Neck Surgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and
Montefiore Medical Center
Approach to the Patient with Nasal and Pharyngeal Symptoms;
Nose and Paranasal Sinus Disorders
Mitchell H. Friedlaender, MD
Adjunct Professor, The Scripps Research Institute; Head, Division of Ophthalmology, Scripps Clinic
Conjunctival and Scleral Disorders
Steven M. Fruchtman, MD
Medical Director of Hematology, Tibotec Therapeutics, Bridgewater, NJ
Myeloproliferative Disorders
Dmitry Gabrilovich, MD, PhD
Professor of Interdisciplinary Oncology, Immunology,
Molecular Biology, and Biochemistry, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, University
of South Florida
Tumor Immunology
Sunir J. Garg, MD
Assistant Professor of Ophthalmology, Thomas Jefferson University; Assistant Surgeon, The Retina Service of Wills Eye Institute
Retinal Disorders
James Garrity, MD
Whitney and Betty MacMillan Professor of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic
Optic Nerve Disorders; Orbital Disorders;
Eyelid and Lacrimal Disorders
Brian K. Gehlbach, MD
Assistant Professor of Medicine, University of Chicago
Respiratory Failure and Mechanical Ventilation
James N. George, MD
George Lynn Cross Research Professor, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine
and Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, College of Public Health,
The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center
Thrombocytopenia and Platelet Dysfunction; Bleeding
Due to Abnormal Blood Vessels
David M. Gershenson, MD
Professor and Chairman, Department of Gynecologic Oncology
and J. Taylor Wharton, MD, Distinguished Chair in Gynecologic Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson
Cancer Center
Gynecologic Tumors
Elias A. Giraldo, MD
Assistant Professor of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University of Tennessee College of Medicine; Director, Stroke and Neurological Critical
Care Programs, University of Tennessee Health Science Center
at Memphis
Stroke
Anne Carol Goldberg, MD, FACP
Associate Professor of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine
Lipid Disorders
Stephen E. Goldfinger, MD
Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Physician, Massachusetts General Hospital
Hereditary Periodic Fever Syndrome
Steven R. Goldstein, MD
Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology, New York University School of Medicine; Director of Gynecologic Ultrasound, Co-Director,
Bone Densitometry, New York University Medical Center
Menstrual Abnormalities
M. Jay Goodkind, MD
Associate Professor (Emeritus) of Clinical
Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine; Chief of Cardiology (Retired), Mercer Medical Center
Cardiac Tumors
Carmen E. Gota, MD
Staff Physician, Department of Rheumatology, Cleveland
Clinic Foundation
Vasculitis
Norton J. Greenberger, MD
Clinical Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Senior Physician, Brigham and Women's Hospital
Approach to the Patient With Upper GI Complaints; Diagnostic
and Therapeutic GI Procedures
John H. Greist, MD
Clinical Professor of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin; Distinguished Senior Scientist, Madison Institute of Medicine
Anxiety Disorders
Ashley B. Grossman, BA, BSc, MD, FRCP, FMedSci
Professor of Neuroendocrinology, St. Bartholomew's Hospital and The London
School of Medicine, London
Adrenal Disorders
John G. Gunderson, MD
Professor of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School; Director, Psychosocial and Personality Research, Borderline Personality Disorder Center,
McLean Hospital
Personality Disorders
Jerry H. Gurwitz, MD
Chief, Division of Geriatric Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School; Executive Director, Meyers Primary Care Institute, Worcester
Drug Therapy in the Elderly
Rula A. Hajj-ali, MD
Staff Physician, Center of Vasculitis Care and Research, Department
of Rheumatic and Immunologic Disease, Cleveland Clinic Foundation
Autoimmune Rheumatic Disorders
Jesse Hall, MD
Professor of Medicine, Department of Anesthesia
and Critical Care and Section Chief, Pulmonary and Critical Care
Medicine, University of Chicago
Respiratory Failure and Mechanical Ventilation
Judith G. Hall, Oc, MD, FRCP(C), FAAP, FCCMG, FABMG
Professor Emeritus of Pediatrics and Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia
General Principles of Medical Genetics
John W. Hallett, Jr., MD
Clinical Professor of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina; Medical Director and Vascular Surgeon, Roper St. Francis Heart and Vascular Center,
Charleston
Diseases of the Aorta and Its Branches;
Peripheral Arterial Disorders
Kevin C. Hazen, PhD, D(ABMM)
Professor of Pathology and Microbiology and Director
of Clinical Microbiology, University of Virginia Health System
Laboratory Diagnosis of Infectious Disease
R. Phillips Heine, MD
Associate Professor and Director, Division
of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Department
of Obstetrics and Gynecology
Approach to the Pregnant Woman and Prenatal
Care
Susan L. Hendrix, DO
Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine
and Detroit Medical Center/Hutzel Women's Hospital; Director, Women's Health Initiative, Wayne State University School of Medicine
Menopause
Steven K. Herrine, MD
Professor of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology,
Thomas Jefferson University; Assistant Dean for Academic Affairs, Jefferson Medical College
Liver Masses and Granulomas
Jerome M. Hershman, MD
Distinguished Professor of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University
of California, Los Angeles; Associate Chief, Endocrinology and Diabetes
Division, West Los Angeles VA Medical Center
Thyroid Disorders
Martin Hertl, MD, PhD
Assistant Professor of Surgery, Harvard Medical School; Surgical Director, Liver Transplantation Program, Massachusetts General Hospital
Transplantation
Robert M. A. Hirschfeld, MD
Harry K. Davis Professor, Titus H. Harris
Chair, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral
Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston
Suicidal Behavior
Brian D. Hoit, MD
Professor of Medicine and Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University; Director of Echocardiography, University Hospitals of Cleveland
Pericarditis
Waun Ki Hong, MD
American Cancer Society Professor and Samsung Distinguished
University Chair in Cancer Medicine; Professor of Medicine, Department
of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, and Head, Division of Cancer
Medicine, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson
Cancer Center
Tumors of the Lungs
Cynthia R. Howard, MD, MPH
Associate Professor of Pediatrics, University of Rochester School of Medicine
and Dentistry
Approach to the Care of Infants and Children
Daniel A. Hussar, PhD
Remington Professor of Pharmacy, University of the Sciences in Philadelphia,
Philadelphia College of Pharmacy
Concepts in Pharmacotherapy
Michael G. Ison, MD, MS
Assistant Professor, Northwestern University, Feinberg School
of Medicine
Arboviridae, Arenaviridae, Bunyaviridae,
and Filoviridae
Masayoshi Itoh, MD
Clinical Professor of Rehabilitation Medicine, New York University School of Medicime; Senior Management Consultant, Coler-Goldwater Specialty Hospital and
Nursing Facility
Rehabilitation
Michael Jacewicz, MD
Professor of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science
Center and Veterans Administration Medical Center, Memphis
Neuro-ophthalmologic and Cranial Nerve Disorders; Approach
to the Neurologic Patient; Meningitis; Brain Infections
Harry S. Jacob, MD
Professor of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School; Editor-in-Chief, Hematology/Oncology Today
Spleen Disorders
Jon A. Jacobson, MD
Associate Professor of Radiology, University of Michigan
Principles of Radiologic Imaging
James W. Jefferson, MD
Clinical Professor of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin; Distinguished Senior Scientist, Madison Institute of Medicine
Anxiety Disorders
Jani R. Jensen, MD
Fellow, Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio
Female Reproductive Endocrinology
Larry E. Johnson, MD, PhD
Associate Professor of Geriatrics and Family
and Preventive Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences; Attending Physician, Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System
Vitamin Deficiency, Dependency, and Toxicity; Mineral
Deficiency and Toxicity
Robert G. Johnson, MD
C. Rollins Hanlon Professor and Chairman, Department
of Surgery, Saint Louis University School of Medicine
Care of the Surgical Patient
Brian D. Johnston
Fitness Clinician and Educator
International Association of Resistance
Trainers, Ontario
Exercise and Sports Injury
Hugh F. Johnston, MD
Clinical Associate Professor, Department
of Psychiatry and Office of Continuing Medical Education, University of Wisconsin Medical School; Medical Director, Bureau of Mental Health and Substance
Abuse
Mental Disorders in Children and Adolescents
Nicholas Jospe, MD
Professor of Pediatrics, University of Rochester School of Medicine
and Dentistry
Metabolic, Electrolyte, and Toxic Disorders
in Neonates; Endocrine Disorders in Children
Michael J. Joyce, MD
Orthopaedic Surgeon, Cleveland Clinic; Associate Clinical Professor, Orthopaedic
Surgery, Case Western Reserve University
Tumors of the Bones and Joints
Anand D. Kantak, MD
Clinical Associate Professor of Pediatrics, Northeast Ohio Universities Colleges of
Medicine and Pharmacology, Rootstown; Director, Division of Neonatology, Akron Children's Hospital
Respiratory Disorders in Neonates, Infants,
and Young Children
Kenneth M. Kaye, MD
Assistant Professor, Division of Infectious
Diseases, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard
Medical School
Herpesviruses
James W. Kendig, MD
Professor of Pediatrics, Penn State University College of Medicine,
Hershey
Perinatal Problems
Talmadge E. King, Jr., MD
Chief, Department of Medicine; Julius R. Krevans Distinguished Professorship
in Internal Medicine, University of California, San Francisco
Interstitial Lung Diseases
Joel Kline, MD, MSC
Professor, Division of Pulmonary, Critical
Care & Occupational Medicine, University of Iowa College of Medicine; Professor, Department of Occupational Environmental
Health, College of Public Health, University of Iowa
Interstitial Lung Diseases
James P. Knochel, MD
Clinical Professor of Internal Medicine, University of Texas, Southwestern Medical
Center, Dallas; Past Chairman, Department of Internal Medicine, Presbyterian Hospital of Dallas
Heat Illness
Karen Birckelbaw Kopacek, RPh
Clinical Assistant Professor and Clinical
Pharmacist, Division of Pharmacy Practice, University
of Wisconsin School of Pharmacy
Pharmacokinetics
David N. Korones, MD
Associate Professor of Pediatrics, Oncology,
and Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center
Pediatric Cancers
Jules Y. T. Lam, MD, FRCP(C)
Associate Professor of Medicine, University of Montreal; Cardiologist, Montreal Heart Institute
Arteriosclerosis
Lewis Landsberg, MD
Irving S. Cutter Professor of Medicine and
Dean (Emeritus), Northwestern University
Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Syndromes
Noah Lechtzin, MD, MHS
Assistant Professor, Department of Medicine, Division
of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
Approach to the Patient With Pulmonary Symptoms
Mathew H. M. Lee, MD
Howard A. Rusk Professor of Rehabilitation Medicine
and Chairman, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, New York University School of Medicine
Rehabilitation
Joseph R. Lentino, MD, PhD
Professor of Medicine, Loyola University Stritch School of Medicine; Chief, Infectious Diseases, Hines VA Hospital
Anaerobic Bacteria
Norma B. Lerner, MD
Associate Professor of Pediatrics, Division
of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Golisano Children's Hospital at Strong
Perinatal Hematologic Disorders
Wendy S. Levinbook, MD
Assistant Professor of Dermatology, University of Connecticut Health Center
Hair Disorders
Matthew E. Levison, MD
Professor of Medicine and Public Health,
Division of Infectious Diseases, Drexel University College of Medicine
Bacteria and Antibacterial Drugs
Sharon Levy, MD, MPH
Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School; Center for Adolescent
Substance Abuse Research, Children's Hospital, Boston
Approach to the Care of Adolescents
James L. Lewis, III, MD
Nephrology Associates, P.C. of Birmingham
Fluid and Electrolyte Metabolism; Acid-Base Regulation
and Disorders
Alan E. Lichten, MD
Associate Professor, Department of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College
of Medicine of Case Western Reserve; Staff Physician, Hematologic Oncology and Blood Disorders, Cleveland
Clinic
Approach to the Patient with Anemia; Anemias Caused
by Deficient Erythropoiesis; Anemias Caused by Hemolysis
Paul Lawrence Liebert, MD
Private Practice, Tomah Memorial Hospital,
Tomah, WI
Exercise and Sports Injury
Richard W. Light, MD
Professor of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical
Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
Mediastinal and Pleural Disorders
Gregory S. Liptak, MD, MPH
Professor of Pediatrics, Upstate Medical University; Director, Center for Neurodevelopmental Pediatrics
Congenital Neurologic Anomalies; Congenital Craniofacial
and Musculoskeletal Abnormalities; Chromosomal Anomalies
Jeffrey M. Lipton, MD, PhD
Chief, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and
Stem Cell Transplantation, Schneider Children's Hospital; Professor of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine
Histiocytic Syndromes
Elliot M. Livstone, MD, FACP, FACG
Attending Physician, Sarasota Memorial Hospital, Sarasota,
FL
Tumors of the GI Tract
Charles J. Lockwood, MD
The Anita O'Keefe Young Professor and Chair, Department
of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine; Chief, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yale-New Haven Hospital
Abnormalities of Pregnancy
Michael Londner, MD, MPH, MBA
Assistant Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, Johns Hopkins University
Acid-Base Regulation and Disorders
Philip Low, MD
Professor of Neurology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine
Autonomic Nervous System
Paul D. Lui, MD
Associate Professor of Urology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine
Voiding Disorders; Penile and Scrotal Disorders
Joanne Lynn, MD, MA, MS
Bureau Chief, Chronic Disease and Cancer, Community
Health Administration, Department of Health, Washington, DC
The Dying Patient
Robert J. MacNeal, MD
Assistant Professor, Department of General Internal Medicine; Resident Physician, Section of Dermatology, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center
Reactions to Sunlight
Marcella A. Madera, MD
Resident, Department of Neurosurgery, University
of Cincinnati College of Medicine
Traumatic Brain Injury
Kenneth Maiese, MD
Professor and Director, Neurology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine and Institute for Environmental
Health Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine
Coma and Impaired Consciousness
James F. Markmann, MD, PhD
Professor of Surgery, Harvard Medical School; Clinical Director, Division of Transplantation, Massachusetts General
Hospital
Transplantation
Michael A. Matthay, MD
Professor of Medicine and Anesthesia, University of California at San Francisco
and The Cardiovascular Research Institute
Acute Lung Injury and Acute Respiratory
Distress Syndrome
John T. McBride, MD
Professor of Pediatrics, Northeast Ohio Universities Colleges of
Medicine and Pharmacology, Rootstown; Vice-Chair, Department of Pediatrics, Akron Children's Hospital
Respiratory Disorders in Neonates, Infants,
and Young Children
Margaret C. McBride, MD
Professor of Pediatrics (Neurology), Northeastern Ohio Universities College
of Medicine; Director, Neurodevelopmental Center, Akron Children's Hospital
Neurologic Disorders in Children; Neurocutaneous Syndromes
Daniel J. McCarty, MD
Will and Cava Ross Professor of Medicine (Emeritus), Medical College of Wisconsin
Crystal-Induced Arthritides
J. Allen McCutchan, MD, MSc
Professor of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases,
School of Medicine, University of California at San Diego
Sexually Transmitted Diseases; Human Immunodeficiency
Virus
Daniel E. McGinley-Smith, MD
Private Practice, New England Dermatology, Lebanon, New Hampshire; Staff Dermatologist, New London Hospital
Pigmentation Disorders
Robert S. McKelvie, MD, PhD, FRCP(C)
Professor of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, McMaster University and Hamilton Health
Sciences
Sports and the Heart
Karen McKoy, MD, MPH
Assistant Clinical Professor, Department
of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School
Dermatitis; Acne and Related Disorders;
Principles of Topical Dermatologic Therapy
James I. McMillan, MD
Associate Professor of Medicine, Loma Linda University; Chief, Nephrology Section, VA Loma Linda Healthcare System
Renal Failure; Renal Replacement Therapy; Glomerular
Diseases
S. Gene McNeeley, MD
Chief of Gynecology, Hutzel Women's Hospital; Clinical Professor, Michigan State University, College of
Osteopathic Medicine, Hutzel Women's Health Specialists
Benign Gynecologic Lesions; Pelvic Relaxation Syndromes
Noshir R. Mehta, DMD, MDS, MS
Professor and Chairman of General Dentistry; Assistant
Dean, International Relations; and Director, Craniofacial Pain Center, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine
Temporomandibular Disorders
Daniel R. Mishell, Jr., MD
The Lyle G. McNeile Professor, Department
of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keck School of Medicine, University of
Southern California; Chief Physician, Womens and Childrens Hospital, Los Angeles County and
University of Southern California Medical Center
Family Planning
L. Brent Mitchell, MD
Professor and Head, Department of Cardiac Sciences, University of Calgary; Director, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta,
Calgary Health Region and University of Calgary
Arrhythmias and Conduction Disorders
Richard T. Miyamoto, MD
Arilla Spence DeVault Professor and Chairman, Department
of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine
Middle Ear and Tympanic Membrane Disorders
Joel L. Moake, MD
Professor of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine; Associate Director, Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, Rice
University
Hemostasis; Coagulation Disorders; Thrombotic Disorders
Julie S. Moldenhauer, MD
Assistant Professor, Department of Obstetrics
and Gynecology, University of North Carolina
Abnormalities and Complications of Labor
and Delivery; Postpartum Care
John E. Morley, MB, BCh
Dammert Professor of Gerontology and Director, Division
of Geriatric Medicine, Saint Louis University Medical Center; Director, Geriatric Research, Education and
Clinical Center, St. Louis VA Medical Center
Undernutrition; Principles of Endocrinology
Angela Cafiero Moroney, PharmD
Clinical Science Manager, Abbott Laboratories
Pharmacodynamics
Alex Moroz, MD, FACP
Assistant Professor, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, New York University School of Medicine; Director of Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation
Unit and Director of Residency Training and Medical Education, Rusk Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine
Rehabilitation
John Morrison, MD
Professor of Obstetrics/Gynecology and Pediatrics, University of Mississippi Medical Center
High-Risk Pregnancy
Sam P. Most, MD
Chief, Division of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University
Facial Trauma
David F. Murchison, DDS, MMS
Colonel, US Air Force; Director, Air Force Dental Operations, United States Air Force Dental Service, Lackland-Kelly
Air Force Base
Dental Emergencies
Carlene A. Muto, MD, MS
Assistant Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh; Medical Director, Division of Hospital Epidemiology
and Infection Control, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center
Neisseriaceae
Raj K. Narayan, MD
Frank H. Mayfield Professor and Chairman,
The Neuroscience Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, University
of Cincinnati College of Medicine and Mayfield Clinic, Cincinnati
Traumatic Brain Injury
Edward A. Nardell, MD
Associate Professor, Harvard Medical School, Harvard School of Public Health; Department
of Social Medicine and Health Inequalities, Brigham and Women's
Hospital
Mycobacteria
Lawrence F. Nazarian, MD
Clinical Professor of Pediatrics, University of Rochester School of Medicine
and Dentistry
Approach to the Care of Infants and Children; Approach
to the Care of Adolescents; Physical Growth and Development
John H. Newman, MD
Elsa S. Hanigan Professor of Pulmonary Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine
Pulmonary Embolism; Pulmonary Hypertension
Lee S. Newman, MD, MA
Professor, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biometrics
and Department of Medicine, University of Colorado at Denver and
Health Sciences Center
Environmental Pulmonary Diseases; Sarcoidosis
Jennifer R. Niebyl, MD
Professor and Head, Department of Obstetrics
and Gynecology, University of Iowa College of Medicine
Conception and Prenatal Development
Mary Lynn R. Nierodzik, MD
Associate Professor, New York University School of Medicine
Eosinophilic Disorders
James M. O'Brien, MD
Instructor/Fellow, Division of Pulmonary
Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Health Sciences
Center
Tests of Pulmonary Function
Patrick G. O'Connor, MD, MPH
Professor of Medicine; Chief, Section of General Internal Medicine,
Yale University School of Medicine
Drug Use and Dependence
Gerald F. O'Malley, DO
Clinical Associate Professor, Department
of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital; Director of Toxicology, Department of Emergency
Medicine, Albert Einstein Medical Center; Faculty Consultant, Division of Emergency Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia
Poisoning
John S. Oghalai, MD
Assistant Professor of Otology, Neurotology,
and Skull Base Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine; Director, The Hearing Center at Texas Children's Hospital
Inner Ear Disorders
Steven A. Paget, MD
Professor of Medicine and Physician in Chief, Division
of Rheumatology, Hospital for Special Surgery and Weill
Medical College of Cornell University
Approach to the Patient With Joint Disease
Elizabeth J. Palumbo, MD
Private Practice, The Pediatric Group, Fairfax, VA
Miscellaneous Disorders in Infants and Children
Myung K. Park, MD
Professor (Emeritus), Division of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Texas Health Science Center,
San Antonio; Staff Cardiologist, Driscoll Children's Hospital, Corpus Christi
Congenital Cardiovascular Anomalies
Stephen G. Pauker, MD, MACP
Sara Murray Jordan Professor of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine; Associate Physician-in-Chief, Tufts--New England Medical Center
Clinical Decision Making
Richard D. Pearson, MD
Professor of Medicine and Pathology, University of Virginia School of Medicine
Nematodes (Roundworms); Intestinal Protozoa; Extraintestinal
Protozoa; Approach to Parasitic Infections; Cestodes (Tapeworms);
Trematodes (Flukes)
Lawrence L. Pelletier, Jr., MD
Professor, Internal Medicine, University of Kansas School of Medicine; Staff Physician, Robert J. Dole VA Medical and Regional
Office Center, Wichita
Endocarditis
Frank Pessler, MD, PhD
Pediatric Rheumatologist, Klinik and Poliklinic für Kinder und Jugendmedizin,
Medizinische Fakultät Carl-Gustav-Carus, Technische Universität
Dresden, Dresden, Germany
Rheumatic Fever; Bone and Connective Tissue Disorders
in Children
Stephen P. Peters, MD, PhD
Professor of Medicine and Pediatrics, and
Associate Director, Center for Human Genomics, Wake Forest University
Health Sciences
Asthma
William A. Petri, Jr., MD, PhD
Wade Hampton Frost Professor of Epidemiology
and Chief, Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia School of Medicine
Rickettsiae and Related Organisms
Katharine A. Phillips, MD
Professor of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Butler Hosital and The Warren Alpert Medical
School of Brown University
Somatoform and Factitious Disorders
Russell K. Portenoy, MD
Professor of Neurology and Anesthesiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Chairman, Department for Pain Medicine and
Palliative Care, Beth Israel Medical Center
Pain
Carol S. Portlock, MD
Professor of Clinical Medicine, New York Weill Cornell University Medical
College; Attending Physician, Lymphoma Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center
Lymphomas
Michael Pourfar, MD
Assistant Professor, Department of Medicine, New York University
School of Medicine
Movement and Cerebellar Disorders
Glenn M. Preminger, MD
Professor of Urologic Surgery and Director, Comprehensive
Kidney Stone Center, Duke University Medical Center
Urinary Calculi
Sally Pullman-Mooar, MD
Clinical Associate Professor, Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University
of Pennsylvania; Chief, Department of Rheumatology, Philadelphia
VA Medical Center
Neck and Back Pain
Ronald Rabinowitz, MD
Professor of Urology and Pediatrics and Chief
of Pediatric Urology, University of Rochester School of Medicine
and Dentistry
Congenital Renal and Genitourinary Anomalies
Lawrence G. Raisz, MD
Board of Trustees Distinguished Professor
of Medicine and Director, UConn Center for Osteoporosis, University
of Connecticut Health Center
Osteoporosis
Pedro T. Ramirez, MD
Assistant Professor, Gynecologic Oncology Department, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer
Center
Gynecologic Tumors
Robert W. Rebar, MD
Executive Director, American Society for Reproductive Medicine; Volunteer Clinical Professor, Department
of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alabama
Infertility
Alicia M. Reese, PharmD, MS
Assistant Professor of Clinical Pharmacy, Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, University
of the Sciences in Philadelphia
Trade Names of Some Commonly Used Drugs
Wingfield E. Rehmus, MD, MPH
Co-Director of Clinical Trials and Clinical
Instructor, Stanford University Department of Dermatology
Hypersensitivity and Inflammatory Disorders;
Nail Disorders
Douglas J. Rhee, MD
Assistant Professor, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard
Medical School
Glaucoma
Melvin I. Roat, MD
Clinical Associate Professor, Department of Ophthalmology, Thomas Jefferson
University; Cornea Service, Wills Eye Institute
Corneal Disorders
Kenneth B. Roberts, MD
Professor of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina School of
Medicine; Director, Pediatric Teaching Program, Moses Cone Health System, Greensboro
Dehydration and Fluid Therapy
James R. Roberts, MD, FACEP, FAAEM, FACMT
Professor and Vice Chairman, Department of Emergency Medicine, Drexel
University College of Medicine; Chair, Department of Emergency Medicine and Director,
Division of Toxicology, Mercy Catholic Medical Center
Fractures, Dislocations, and Sprains
Beryl J. Rosenstein, MD
Professor of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine;
Johns Hopkins Hospital School of Medicine
Cystic Fibrosis
Robert J. Ruben, MD
Distinguished University Professor, Department
of Otolaryngology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore
Medical Center
Hearing Loss
Fred H. Rubin, MD
Professor of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine; Chair, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center
Presbyterian Shadyside Hospital, Shadyside Campus
Immunization
Michael Rubin, MD, FRCP(C)
Professor of Clinical Neurology, Weill Cornell College of Medicine; Director, Neuromuscular Service and EMG Laboratory, New York Presbyterian Hospital-Cornell
Medical Center
Craniocervical Junction Abnormalities; Inherited Muscular
Disorders; Spinal Cord Disorders; Peripheral Nervous System and
Motor Unit Disorders
Atenodoro R. Ruiz, Jr., MD
Attending Physician, Department of Medicine Gastroenterology,
Kaiser-Permanente, Santa Clara
Malabsorption Syndromes
Julie E. Russak, MD
Melanoma Fellow, Rigel Dermatology (Private Practice Associated
with New York University Medical Center)
Bullous Diseases
Paul S. Russell, MD
John Homans Distinguished Professor of Surgery, Harvard Medical School; Senior Surgeon, Massachusetts General Hospital
Transplantation
Charles Sabatino, JD
Adjunct Professor, Georgetown University Law Center; Director, Commission on Law and Aging, American Bar Association
Medicolegal Issues
David B. Sachar, MD, FACP, MACG
Clinical Professor of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine; Director (Emeritus), Dr. Henry D. Janavitz
Division of Gastroenterology, The Mount Sinai Hospital
Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Seyed-Ali Sadjadi, MD
Associate Professor of Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine
Renovascular Disorders
Christopher Sanford, MD, MPH, DTM&H
Clinical Assistant Professor, Department
of Family Medicine, University of Washington; Co-Director, Travel Clinic, Hall Health Center, University of Washington
Medical Aspects of Travel
Ravindra Sarode, MD
Professor of Pathology and Director, Transfusion Medicine
and Hemostasis Laboratory, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical
Center at Dallas
Transfusion Medicine
Clarence T. Sasaki, MD
The Charles W. Oshe Professor, Yale School of Medicine; Chief, Otolaryngology; and Director, Head and Neck Unit of the Yale Comprehensive
Cancer Center
Laryngeal Disorders, Oropharyngeal Disorders
Steven Schmitt, MD
Head, Section of Bone and Joint Infections, Department
of Infectious Disease, Cleveland Clinic
Infections of Joints and Bones
Marvin I. Schwarz, MD
The James C. Campbell Professor of Pulmonary Medicine,
Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Health Sciences
Center
Diffuser Alveolar Hemorrhage and Pulmonary-Renal Syndromes
Kathy Schwarzenberger, MD
Associate Professor of Medicine (Dermatology), Dartmouth Medical School
Approach to the Dermatologic Patient
Eldon A. Shaffer, MD, FRCP(C), FACP, FACG
Professor of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary
Vascular Disorders; Fibrosis and Cirrhosis;
Testing for Hepatic and Biliary Disorders; Alcoholic Liver Disease;
Gallbladder and Bile Duct Disorders
Stewart Shankel, MD
Clinical Professor of Medicine and Director
of Clinical Medicine, University of California-Riverside
Urinary Tract Infections
William R. Shapiro, MD
Professor of Clinical Neurology, University of Arizona College of Medicine,
Tucson; Chief, Neuro-oncology, Barrow Neurological Institute
Intracranial and Spinal Tumors
Michael J. Shea, MD
Professor of Internal Medicine, Section Head, Cardiovascular Medicine Outpatient Services
and Clinical Evaluation, University of Michigan Health Systems
Cardiovascular Tests and Procedures
David D. Sherry, MD
Professor of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia,
University of Pennsylvania
Rheumatic Fever; Bone and Connective Tissue Disorders
in Children
Stephen D. Silberstein, MD
Professor of Neurology, Headache Center, Thomas Jefferson University
Headache
Daphne Simeon, MD
Associate Professor, Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai
School of Medicine
Dissociative Disorders
Jerome B. Simon, MD, FRCP(C), FACP
Professor of Medicine (Emeritus), Division
of Gastroenterology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario
Liver Masses and Granulomas; Drugs and the
Liver; Approach to the Patient With Liver Disease
Tammy L. Harris Sims, MD, MS
Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, Center for Tobacco Research and Intervention;
University of Wisconsin Medical School
Smoking Cessation
Ashish C. Sinha, MD, PhD
Assistant Professor, Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University
of Pennsylvania School of Medicine
Obesity and the Metabolic Syndrome (Bariatric Surgery
portion)
Richard V. Smith, MD
Vice Chair, Department of Otolaryngology-Head
and Neck Surgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Director, Head and Neck Service, Montefiore Medical Center
Tumors of the Head and Neck
Norman Sohn, MD
Clinical Assistant Professor of Surgery, New York University School of Medicine; Attending Surgeon, Lenox Hill Hospital
Anorectal Disorders
David E. Soper, MD
Professor and Vice Chairman for Clinical
Affairs, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of South Carolina
Vaginitis and Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
David R. Steinberg, MD
Associate Professor, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
and Director, Hand & Upper Extremity Fellowship, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University
of Pennsylvania
Hand Disorders
Marvin E. Steinberg, MD
Professor (Emeritus) of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine
Osteonecrosis
Kingman P. Strohl, MD
Professor of Medicine and Director, Center
for Sleep Disorders Research, Case Western Reserve University
Sleep Apnea
Albert Stunkard, MD
Professor of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine
Eating Disorders
Alan M. Sugar, MD
Professor of Medicine (Emeritus), Boston University School of Medicine; Medical Director, Infectious Disease Clinical
Services and HIV/AIDS Program, Cape Cod Healthcare
Fungi
Stephen Brian Sulkes, MD
Professor of Pediatrics, Division of Neurodevelopmental
and Behavioral Pediatrics, Golisano Children's Hospital at Strong,
University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry
Learning and Developmental Disorders; Behavioral Concerns
and Problems
Geeta K. Swamy, MD
Associate Professor, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine,
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center
Approach to the Pregnant Woman and Prenatal
Care
David A. Swanson, MD
Clinical Professor, Department of Urology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson
Cancer Center
Genitourinary Cancer
Paul H. Tanser, MD, FRCP(C), FRCP (Glasgow)
Professor of Medicine (Emeritus), McMaster University; Medical Consultant, North Shore and Waitakere Hospitals, Aukland
Approach to the Cardiac Patient; Valvular
Disorders
Syed H. Tariq, MD
Assistant Professor of Medicine, Division
of Geriatric Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine
Polyglandular Deficiency Syndromes
Joan B. Tarloff, PhD
Professor, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of the Sciences in Philadelphia
Adverse Drug Reactions
Mary Territo, MD
Professor of Medicine, Director of Hematopoietic Stem
Cell Transplantation, University of California, Los Angeles
Neutropenia and Lymphocytopenia
Wendy Theobald, PhD
Assistant Researcher, Center for Tobacco
Research and Intervention, University of Wisconsin
Smoking Cessation
David R. Thomas, MD
Professor of Medicine, Divisions of Geriatric Medicine, Saint Louis University Health Sciences Center
Nutritional Support
Elizabeth Chabner Thompson, MD, MPH
Private Practice, New York Group for Plastic
Surgery
Overview of Cancer; Principles of Cancer
Therapy
Stig Thunell, MD, PhD
Professor, Karolinska Institute; Senior Consultant, Porphyria Center Sweden, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge,
Stockholm
Porphyrias
Shelly D. Timmons, MD, PhD
Assistant Professor and Chief of Neurotrauma Division, University of Tennessee College of Medicine;
Semmes-Murphey Neurologic & Spine Institute
Traumatic Brain Injury
Courtney M. Townsend, Jr., MD
Professor and John Woods Harris Distinguished Chairman,
Department of Surgery, The University of Texas Medical Branch
Carcinoid Tumors
Anne S. Tsao, MD
Assistant Professor, Department of Thoracic/Head & Neck
Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, University of Texas M. D.
Anderson Cancer Center
Tumors of the Lungs
Debara L. Tucci, MD
Associate Professor of Surgery, Division
of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery, Duke University Medical Center
Approach to the Patient With Ear Problems
Allan R. Tunkel, MD, PhD
Professor of Medicine and Senior Associate
Dean for Academic Campuses, Drexel University College of Medicine
Biology of Infectious Disease
Ronald B. Turner, MD
Professor of Pediatrics, University of Virginia School of Medicine
Respiratory Viruses
Alexander G. G. Turpie, MD
Professor of Medicine, McMaster University and Hamilton Health
Sciences General Hospital
Peripheral Venous and Lymphatic Disorders
James T. Ubertalli, DMD
Assistant Clinical Professor, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine; Private Practice, Hingham, MA
Common Dental Disorders
Victor G. Vogel, MD, MHS
National Vice President for Research, American Cancer Society
Breast Disorders
Aaron E. Walfish, MD
Division of Digestive Diseases, Beth Israel
Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine
Inflammatory Bowel Disease
James Wayne Warnica, MD, FRCP(C)
Professor of Medicine, Department of Cardiac Science, University
of Calgary; Director, Cardiac Intensive Care Unit, Foothills Medical Center
Coronary Artery Disease
Yasmine Wasfi, MD
Instructor, Department of Medicine, Parker
B. Francis Fellow, National Jewish Medical and Research Center; Instructor, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and
Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado at Denver Health
Sciences Center
Sarcoidosis
Max Harry Weil, MD, PhD, ScD (Hon)
Distinguished University Professor and President, Weil Institute of Critical Care Medicine
Sepsis and Septic Shock; Respiratory and
Cardiac Arrest; Shock and Fluid Resuscitation
Geoffrey A. Weinberg, MD
Professor of Pediatrics, University of Rochester School of Medicine
and Dentistry; Director, Pediatric HIV Program, Golisano Children's Hospital at Strong
Infections in Infants and Children
Gregory L. Wells, MD
Resident in Dermatology, Dartmouth Medical School and Dartmouth-Hitchcock
Medical Center
Cancers of the Skin
John B. West, MD, PhD, DSc
Professor of Medicine and Physiology, University of California, San Diego
Altitude Sickness
Kendrick Alan Whitney, DPM
Assistant Professor, Department of Medicine and Orthopaedics,
Temple University School of Podiatric Medicine
Foot and Ankle Disorders
James E. Wilberger, MD
Professor and Chairman, Department of Neurosurgery, Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh; Vice Dean, Drexel University College of Medicine
Spinal Trauma
Margaret-Mary G. Wilson, MD, MRCP
Medical Director, Health Services, United Healthcare, Maryland
Heights
Nutrition: General Considerations; Syndromes
of Uncertain Origin
G. Terence Wilson, PhD
Oscar K. Buros Professor of Psychology, Graduate School of Applied and Professional
Psychology, Rutgers University
Eating Disorders
Robert A. Wise, MD
Professor of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical
Care, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Gary Wittert, MBBCh, MD, FRCP
Professor and Head, Department of Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital
Obesity and the Metabolic Syndrome
Steven E. Wolf, MD
Betty and Bob Kelso Distinguished Chair in
Burns and Trauma, Vice Chair for Research, and Professor, Department
of Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center-San
Antonio; Chief, Clinical Research, United States Army Institute of Surgical Research
Burns
Eiji Yanagisawa, MD
Clinical Professor of Otolaryngology, Yale University School of Medicine
External Ear Disorders
Heidi Yeh, MD
Instructor in Surgery, Harvard Medical School; Assistant in Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital
Transplantation
Dorothea Zucker-Franklin, MD
Professor of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine
Eosinophilic Disorders
Contributors to Previous Version of Select Subjects
We recognize the important contributions of the following
contributors who were involved with the previous version of a subject
that has since undergone an update/revision. The subject(s) that
they were responsible for are listed after their affiliations.
Moira L. Aitken, MD
Professor of Medicine, University of Washington
Bronchiectasis
Kenneth C. Anderson, MD
Kraft Family Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Chief, Division of Hematologic Neoplasia, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute
Plasma Cell Disorders
John J. Caronna, MD
Professor of Clinical Neurology and Vice Chairman, Department
of Neurology and Neuroscience, Weill Medical College of Cornell University
Stupor and Coma
Lan X. Chen, MD, PhD
Clinical Assistant Professor and Attending Rheumatologist, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center-Presbyterian
and VAMC
Infections of Joints and Bones
William D. Chey, MD, FACG, FACP
Associate Professor, Director of Gastrointestinal Physiology
Laboratory, University of Michigan
Bezoars and Foreign Bodies
Robert B. Cohen, DMD
Clinical Associate Professor and Practice Coordinator, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine
Facial Trauma; Common Dental Disorders;
Dental Emergencies; Approach to the Patient With Nasal, Oral, and
Pharyngeal Symptoms
Sidney Cohen, MD
Professor of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital
Esophageal and Swallowing Disorders
Daniel W. Collison, MD
Associate Professor of Medicine and Surgery,
Section of Dermatology, Dartmouth Medical School
Pigmentation Disorders
Ralph E. Cutler, MD
Professor of Medicine (Emeritus), Loma Linda University School of Medicine; Consultant in Nephrology, Loma Linda VAMC
Urinary Tract Infections
Ronald Dee, MD
Associate Clinical Professor of Surgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx
Peripheral Venous and Lymphatic Disorders
Craig S. Derkay, MD
Professor, Otolaryngology and Pediatrics, Eastern Virginia Medical School; Director, Pediatric Otolaryngology, Children's Hospital of the King's Daughters,
Norfolk
Oropharyngeal Disorders
John E. Edwards, Jr., MD
Professor of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University
of California, Los Angeles; Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute
at Harbor-UCLA
Fungi
Wayne S. Fenton, MD
Associate Director for Clinical Affairs, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda
Schizophrenia and Related Disorders
Eugene P. Frenkel, MD
Professor of Internal Medicine and Radiology,
Patsy R. and Raymond D. Nasher Distinguished Chair in Cancer Research;
Elaine Dewey Sammons Distinguished Chair in Cancer Research in honor
of Eugene P. Frenkel, MD; and A. Kenneth Pye Professorship in Cancer
Research, Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical
Center at Dallas
Spleen Disorders; Anemias Caused by Deficient Erythropoiesis;
Anemias Caused by Hemolysis; Approach to the Patient With Anemia;
Overview of Cancer
Marvin P. Fried, MD
Professor and University Chairman, Department
of Otolaryngology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore
Medical Center
Facial Trauma
Marc Galanter, MD
Professor of Psychiatry and Director, Division
of Alcoholism and Drug Abuse, New York University
Drug Use and Dependence
Barry Steven Gold, MD
Associate Professor of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Assistant Professor, Division of Emergency
Medicine, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine
Bites and Stings
Judith G. Hall, Oc, MD, FRCP(C), FAAP, FCCMG, FABMG
Professor Emeritus of Pediatrics and Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia
Chromosomal Abnormalities
David M. Heimbach, MD
Professor of Surgery, University of Washington Burn Center,
Harborview Medical Center
Burns
Michael J. Keating, MBBS
Professor of Medicine, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson
Cancer Center
Leukemias
Nancy E. Lanphear, MD
Director of the Developmental Assessment
Team for Infants and Toddlers and Pediatric Developmental Specialist, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center
Behavioral Concerns and Problems
Harvey Lemont, DPM
Professor, Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania College of Podiatric Medicine
Foot and Ankle Disorders
Edward R. Marcantonio, MD
Associate Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Director of Research, Division of General Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
Delirium and Dementia
Richard J. Martin, MD
Professor of Medicine, National Jewish Medical and Research Center
and University of Colorado Health Sciences Center
Asthma
Daniel Menkes, MD
Associate Professor of Neurology, University of Tennessee, Health Sciences
Center at Memphis; Director, Clinical Neurophysiology Service and Winston
Wolfe Peripheral Neuropathy Research Laboratory
Seizure Disorders; Peripheral Nervous System Disorders
John E. Morley, MB, BCh
Dammert Professor of Gerontology and Director, Division
of Geriatric Medicine, Saint Louis University Health Sciences
Center; Director, Geriatric Research, Education and
Clinical Center, St. Louis VA Medical Center
Mineral Deficiency and Toxicity
Deborah L. Nucatola, MD
Fellow, Family Planning, Department of Obstetrics and
Gynecology, Keck School of Medicine, University of
Southern California
Family Planning
John S. Oghalai, MD
Assistant Professor, Department of Otolaryngology and
Communicative Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine
Facial Trauma
Sidney F. Phillips, MD
Professor of Medicine, Karl F. and Marjory Hasselmann
Professor of Research, Mayo Clinic
Approach to the Patient With Lower GI Complaints
Douglas J. Pritchard, MD
Consultant of Orthopedic Surgery and Oncology, Mayo Foundation, Rochester
Tumors of Bones and Joints
Wingfield E. Rehmus, MD, MPH
Co-Director of Clinical Trials and Clinical
Instructor, Stanford University Department of Dermatology
Bullous Diseases; Hair Disorders
Norman Relkin, MD, PhD
Associate Professor of Neurology and Neuroscience, Weill Medical College of Cornell University; Director, Cornell Memory Disorders Program, Weill Medical College of Cornell University
Function and Dysfunction of the Cerebral
Lobes
Melvin I. Roat, MD
Assistant Surgeon, Wills Eye Hospital, Philadelphia
Eye Injuries; Eyelid Disorders; Conjunctival
and Scleral Disorders; Cataract
Lanny J. Rosenwasser, MD
Marjorie and Stephen Raphael Chair in Asthma Research;
Professor, Division of Allergy and Immunology, National Jewish Medical and Research Center; Professor of Medicine and Immunology, University of Colorado Health Science
Center
Allergic and Other Hypersensitivity Disorders
Seyed-Ali Sadjadi, MD
Associate Professor of Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine
Renal Replacement Therapy
H. Ralph Schumacher, Jr., MD
Professor of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine; Chief of Rheumatology, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical
Center, Philadelphia
Approach to the Patient With Joint Disease; Autoimmune
Rheumatic Disorders; Infections of Joints and Bones; Vasculitis
Kathy Schwarzenberger, MD
Associate Professor of Medicine (Dermatology), Dartmouth Medical School
Reactions to Sunlight
Jerome B. Simon, MD, FRCP(C), FACP
Professor of Medicine (Emeritus), Division
of Gastroenterology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario
Hepatitis; Liver Masses and Granulomas
Robert Simon, MD
Professor and Executive FAAEM Chairman, Department
of Emergency Medicine, Cook County Hospital, Rush Medical College,
Rush University Medical Center
Fractures, Dislocations, and Sprains
Carl V. Smith, MD
Professor and Chair, Department of Obstetrics
and Gynecology, University of Nebraska College of Medicine
Abnormalities and Complications of Labor
and Delivery
Steven Spencer, MD
Professor of Medicine and Surgery, Department
of Dermatology, Dartmouth Medical School
Cancers of the Skin
Scott M. Steidl, MD
Associate Professor and Director of Vitreoretinal Services,
Department of Ophthalmology, University of Maryland School of Medicine
Retinal Disorders
Ronald Gary Tompkins, MD, ScD
John F. Burke Professor of Surgery, Harvard Medical School; Visiting Surgeon, Massachusetts General Hospital
Acute Abdomen and Surgical Gastroenterology;
GI Bleeding; Diverticular Disease
Paul J. Vankevich, DMD
Assistant Professor of Oral Diagnosis and
Oral Medicine, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine
Tumors of the Head and Neck
Eva M. Vivian, PharmD
Associate Professor of Pharmacy Practice, Western University of Health Sciences,
College of Pharmacy, Pomona
Pharmacokinetics
Howard D. Weiss, MD
Associate Professor of Neurology, Johns Hopkins-Sinai Hospital of Baltimore
Headache
Eiji Yanagisawa, MD
Clinical Professor of Otolaryngology, Yale University School of Medicine
Facial Trauma
Thomas Michael Zizic, MD
Associate Professor of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of
Medicine; Co-Director, Chesapeake Medical Research
Avascular Necrosis
Additional Acknowledgments
Although this online version of The Merck Manual is
being continuously updated, some entries contain information and
text from previous editions. In some cases, new contributors have
replaced those who contributed to those editions. As is our tradition,
we publish the names of only the contributors to the current edition.
However, we recognize the important contributions of those contributors
who made our previous editions a success.
Last full review/revision November 2005
Content last modified June 2009
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