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THE MERCK MANUAL MEDICAL LIBRARY: The Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy
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Cr

Crabs (pubic lice)

Treatment Options for Scabies and Lice Tables
Lice: Pubic lice

Crackles

Approach to the Patient With Pulmonary Symptoms: Auscultation
Dyspnea: Physical examination

Cradle cap

Seborrheic Dermatitis: Symptoms, Signs, and Diagnosis
Seborrheic Dermatitis: Treatment

Cramps

  • heat

  • Heat Cramps

  • intestinal obstruction and

  • Intestinal Obstruction: Symptoms and Signs

  • menstrual (dysmenorrhea)

  • Pelvic Pain

  • muscle

  • Muscle Cramps

  • nocturnal

  • of legs

  • Parasomnias: Sleep-related leg cramps

  • writers

  • Dystonias: Focal dystonias

    Cranial arteritis

    Giant Cell Arteritis

    Cranial nerves

  • 1st (olfactory)

  • Cranial NervesTables

  • examination of

  • Approach to the Neurologic Patient: Cranial nerves

  • 2nd (optic)

  • Cranial NervesTables

  • atrophy of

  • Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma: Optic nerve appearance
    Hereditary Optic Neuropathies

  • examination of

  • Approach to the Ophthalmologic Patient: Ophthalmoscopy
    Approach to the Neurologic Patient: Cranial nerves

  • infarction of

  • Ischemic Optic Neuropathy

  • inflammation of (neuritis)

  • Acute Vision Loss
    Acute Vision Loss
    Optic Neuritis
    Cranial NervesTables
    Multiple Sclerosis (MS): Cranial nerves

  • lesions of

  • Optic Nerve Disorders
    Higher visual pathways—lesion sites and corresponding visual field defects.Figures

  • swelling of

  • Papilledema

  • toxin injury to

  • Toxic Amblyopia
    Cranial NervesTables

  • 3rd (oculomotor)

  • Cranial NervesTables
    Common Pupillary AbnormalitiesTables
    Common Disturbances of Ocular MotilityTables
    Third Cranial Nerve Disorders

  • examination of

  • Approach to the Neurologic Patient: Cranial nerves

  • 4th (trochlear)

  • Cranial NervesTables
    Common Disturbances of Ocular MotilityTables
    Fourth Cranial Nerve Palsy

  • examination of

  • Approach to the Neurologic Patient: Cranial nerves

  • 5th (trigeminal)

  • Approach to the Patient With Nasal, Oral, and Pharyngeal Symptoms: Mouth
    Cranial NervesTables
    Trigeminal Neuralgia

  • examination of

  • Approach to the Neurologic Patient: Cranial nerves

  • 6th (abducens)

  • Cranial NervesTables
    Common Disturbances of Ocular MotilityTables
    Sixth Cranial Nerve Palsy

  • examination of

  • Approach to the Neurologic Patient: Cranial nerves

  • 7th (facial)

  • Approach to the Patient With Nasal, Oral, and Pharyngeal Symptoms: Mouth
    Cranial NervesTables
    Bell's Palsy

  • birth-related injury to

  • Birth Injuries: Cranial Nerve Injury

  • examination of

  • Approach to the Neurologic Patient: Cranial nerves
    Approach to the Neurologic Patient: Cranial nerves

  • injury to

  • Temporal Bone Fractures: Diagnosis and Treatment

  • testing of

  • Smell and Taste Abnormalities: Taste

  • 8th (auditory, vestibulocochlear)

  • see also Hearing, loss of
    see also Vertigo
    Hearing Loss
    Differences Between Sensory and Neural Hearing LossesTables
    Congenital Causes of Hearing LossTables
    Acquired Causes of Hearing Loss Tables
    Cranial NervesTables

  • acoustic neuroma of

  • Acoustic Neuroma

  • examination of

  • Approach to the Neurologic Patient: Cranial nerves

  • herpes zoster virus infection of

  • Herpes Zoster Oticus

  • testing of

  • Hearing Loss: Audiologic tests

  • 9th (glossopharyngeal)

  • Approach to the Patient With Nasal, Oral, and Pharyngeal Symptoms: Mouth
    Smell and Taste Abnormalities: Taste
    Approach to the Neurologic Patient: Cranial nerves
    Cranial NervesTables
    Glossopharyngeal Neuralgia

  • 10th (vagus)

  • Approach to the Neurologic Patient: Cranial nerves
    Cranial NervesTables

  • stimulation of

  • in seizures

  • Seizure Disorders: Vagus nerve stimulation

  • 11th (spinal accessory)

  • Approach to the Neurologic Patient: Cranial nerves
    Cranial NervesTables

  • 12th (hypoglossal)

  • Approach to the Patient With Nasal, Oral, and Pharyngeal Symptoms: Mouth
    Approach to the Neurologic Patient: Cranial nerves
    Cranial NervesTables

  • in multiple sclerosis

  • Multiple Sclerosis (MS): Cranial nerves

    Craniocervical junction

    Craniocervical Junction Abnormalities
    Spinal Cord Compression

    Craniofacial anomalies

    Craniofacial Abnormalities
    Common Craniofacial SyndromesTables

    Craniometaphyseal dysplasia

    Osteopetroses: Craniometaphyseal dysplasia

    Craniopharyngioma

    Hypopituitarism in Children Resulting in Short Stature
    Common Localizing Manifestations of Brain Tumors Tables

    Craniosynostosis

    Hyperthyroidism: Hyperthyroidism during infancy

    Craniotabes

    Vitamin D: Symptoms and Signs

    Craniotomy

  • decompressive

  • Coma and Impaired Consciousness: ICP control

    Craniotubular dysplasias

    Osteopetroses: Craniotubular Dysplasias

    Craniotubular hyperostoses

    Osteopetroses: Craniotubular Hyperostoses

    Cranium

  • bruit over

  • Approach to the Neurologic Patient: Cerebrovascular examination

  • congenital abnormalities of

  • Osteopetroses: Craniotubular Dysplasias
    Craniofacial Abnormalities
    Common Craniofacial SyndromesTables

    C-reactive protein

    Components of the Immune System: Acute Phase Reactants

  • atherosclerosis and

  • Atherosclerosis: Risk Factors
    Atherosclerosis: Symptomatic patients

  • coronary artery disease and

  • Coronary Artery Disease: Risk Factors

  • joint disease and

  • Approach to the Patient With Joint Disease: Blood tests

  • in neonatal sepsis

  • Neonatal Sepsis: Other tests for infection and inflammation

  • osteomyelitis and

  • Osteomyelitis: Diagnosis

  • protein-energy undernutrition and

  • Protein-Energy Undernutrition: Diagnosis

  • in rheumatic fever

  • Rheumatic Fever: Diagnosis

    Creatine

    Creatine

    Creatine phosphokinase

    Acute Coronary Syndromes (ACS): Cardiac markers

    Creatinine

  • blood levels of

  • Approach to the Renal Patient: Blood tests
    Acute Renal Failure (ARF): Diagnosis
    Acute Tubular Necrosis (ATN): Symptoms, Signs, and Diagnosis

  • in hypertension

  • Arterial Hypertension: Testing

  • urinary

  • Approach to the Renal Patient: Creatinine clearance

    Creatinine clearance

    Approach to the Renal Patient: Creatinine clearance

  • dialysis and

  • Chronic Kidney Disease (Chronic Renal Failure): Dialysis

  • drug dosage and

  • Pharmacokinetics in the Elderly: Renal elimination

    Creatinine kinase

    Polymyositis and Dermatomyositis: Diagnosis

    Creatorrhea

    Chronic Pancreatitis: Symptoms and Signs

    Credé's method

    Urinary Incontinence: Overflow incontinence

    Creeping eruption (cutaneous larva migrans)

    Cutaneous Larva Migrans

    Cremasteric reflex

    Approach to the Neurologic Patient: Reflexes
    Autonomic Nervous System: Physical examination

    Creosote poisoning

    Symptoms and Treatment of Specific Poisons Tables

    Crepitus

    Approach to the Patient With Joint Disease: Physical Examination

    Crescentic glomerulonephritis

    Nephritic Syndrome: Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis (RPGN)
    Serologic Classification of Rapidly Progressive GlomerulonephritisTables

    Cresol poisoning

    Symptoms and Treatment of Specific Poisons Tables

    CREST (Calcinosis cutis, Raynaud's phenomenon, Esophageal dysmotility, Sclerodactyly, Telangiectasias) syndrome

    Systemic Sclerosis: Pathophysiology
    Systemic Sclerosis: Prognosis

    Cretinism

  • endemic

  • Hypothyroidism: Hypothyroidism during infancy and early childhood

    Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease

    Prion Diseases: Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD)

  • blood transfusion and

  • Complications of Transfusion: Infectious complications

    CRH

    see Corticotropin-releasing hormone

    Cribriform plate

  • fracture of

  • Fractures of the Nose

    Cricoid cartilage

  • pressure on

  • Airway Establishment and Control: Sedation and analgesia
    Cardiac Arrest: Airway and Breathing

    Cricopharyngeal incoordination

    Cricopharyngeal Incoordination

    Cricothyrotomy

    Airway Establishment and Control: Surgical airway
    Emergency cricothyrotomy.Figures

    Cri du chat syndrome

    Chromosomal Deletion Syndromes: 5p-Deletion (cri du chat syndrome)

    Crigler-Najjar syndrome

    Jaundice: Etiology
    Jaundice: Crigler-Najjar syndrome

    Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever

    Selected Viruses That Infect Humans* Tables
    Arbovirus, Arenavirus, and Filovirus Diseases Tables
    Arboviridae, Arenaviridae, Bunyaviridae, and Filoviridae

    Critically ill patient

  • approach to

  • Approach to the Critically Ill Patient

  • monitoring for

  • Patient Monitoring and Testing
    Shock: General management
    Sepsis and Septic Shock: Treatment

  • scoring systems for

  • Scoring Systems
    Apache II Scoring System*Tables

    Crocodile bites

    Other Reptile Bites

    Crohn's disease

    Crohn's Disease

  • adenocarcinoma in

  • Small-Bowel Tumors

  • anorectal abscess in

  • Anorectal Abscess

  • extraintestinal

  • Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD): Extraintestinal Manifestations

  • gingiva in

  • Gingivitis: Etiology

  • hepatic inflammation in

  • Selected Diseases or Organisms Associated With Liver InflammationTables

  • primary sclerosing cholangitis and

  • Sclerosing Cholangitis: Etiology

  • treatment of

  • Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD): Treatment
    Crohn's Disease: Treatment

  • ulcerative colitis vs

  • Differentiating Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative ColitisTables

  • uveitis and

  • Uveitis: Spondyloarthropathies

    Cromolyn

    Atopic and Allergic Disorders: Mast cell stabilizers
    Inhaled Nasal Corticosteroids and Mast Cell StabilizersTables

  • in asthma

  • Drug Treatment of Chronic Asthma Tables

  • in mastocytosis

  • Mastocytosis: Systemic mastocytosis

    Cronkhite-Canada syndrome

    Gastritis: Ménétrier's disease

    CROS hearing aid

    Hearing Loss: Hearing aids

    Cross-dressing

    Paraphilias: Transvestic fetishism

    Crotalidae polyvalent immune Fab antivenom

    Snakebites: Antivenom

    Crotamiton

    Treatment Options for Scabies and Lice Tables

    Croup

    Parainfluenza Virus Infections
    Croup

  • epiglottitis vs

  • Differentiating Epiglottitis From CroupTables

  • pseudomembranous

  • Bacterial Tracheitis

  • spasmodic

  • Croup: Symptoms and Signs

    Crow-Fukase syndrome

    Polyglandular Deficiency Syndromes: POEMS Syndrome

    Cruciate ligaments

    Ligaments of the knee.Figures

  • injury to

  • Knee Sprains and Meniscal Injuries

    Crusts (scabs)

    Description of Skin Lesions: Primary Morphology

    Crutches

    Therapeutic and Assistive Devices
    Ambulation AidsTables
    Fitting crutches.Figures

    Crying

    Crying

  • paroxysmal

  • see Colic

  • in stranger anxiety

  • Separation and Stranger Anxiety: Stranger anxiety

    Cryoglobulinemia

    Dysproteinemias Causing Vascular Purpura
    Nephrotic Syndrome: Diagnosis

  • hepatitis C and

  • Acute Viral Hepatitis: Hepatitis C virus (HCV)
    Chronic Hepatitis: Symptoms and Signs
    Chronic Hepatitis: Diagnosis

    Cryoprecipitate

    Blood Products: Cryoprecipitate

    Cryotherapy

  • in actinic keratoses

  • Chronic Effects of Sunlight: Actinic keratoses

  • in prostate cancer

  • Prostate Cancer: Definitive therapies

  • in warts

  • Warts: Common warts

    Cryptococcosis

    Cryptococcosis
    Common Manifestations of HIV Infection by Organ System Tables

  • India ink stain for

  • Microscopy: India ink (colloidal carbon) stain

    Cryptogenic organizing pneumonia

    Key Features Of Idiopathic Interstitial PneumoniasTables
    Treatment and Prognosis of Idiopathic Interstitial PneumoniasTables
    Idiopathic Interstitial Pneumonias: Cryptogenic Organizing Pneumonia
    Substances With Toxic Pulmonary EffectsTables

    Cryptorchidism

    Testicular Cancer
    Male Hypogonadism in Children: Primary
    Male Hypogonadism in Children: Treatment
    Testicular and Scrotal Anomalies: Cryptorchidism

    Cryptosporidiosis

    Gastroenteritis: Parasites
    Gastroenteritis: Antimicrobials
    Collecting and Handling Specimens for Microscopic Diagnosis of Parasitic Infections Tables
    Collecting and Handling Specimens for Microscopic Diagnosis of Parasitic Infections Tables
    Serologic and Molecular Tests for Parasitic InfectionsTables
    Cryptosporidiosis

    Crystalloid solutions

    Intravenous Fluid Resuscitation: Hemorrhage
    Intravenous Fluid Resuscitation: Route and Rate of Fluid Administration

    Crystals

  • calcium oxalate

  • Microscopic Examination of Crystals in JointsTables
    Basic Ca Phosphate and Calcium Oxalate Crystal Deposition Diseases: Ca oxalate crystal deposition disease
    Approach to the Renal Patient: Microscopic analysis

  • calcium phosphate

  • Microscopic Examination of Crystals in JointsTables
    Basic Ca Phosphate and Calcium Oxalate Crystal Deposition Diseases: Basic Ca phosphate crystal deposition disease

  • calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate

  • Monarticular Joint Pain
    Gout: Diagnosis
    Microscopic Examination of Crystals in JointsTables
    Calcium Pyrophosphate Dihydrate Crystal Deposition Disease

  • Charcot-Leyden

  • Eosinophilic Disorders

  • cystine

  • Approach to the Renal Patient: Microscopic analysis

  • magnesium ammonium phosphate

  • Approach to the Renal Patient: Microscopic analysis

  • monosodium urate

  • Monarticular Joint Pain
    Monarticular Joint Pain: History
    Gout
    Microscopic Examination of Crystals in JointsTables
    Acute Renal Failure (ARF): Prevention

  • synovial fluid examination for

  • Approach to the Patient With Joint Disease: Synovial fluid examination
    Crystal-Induced Arthritides

  • urinary

  • Approach to the Renal Patient: Microscopic analysis
    Evaluation and Care of the Normal Neonate: Routine care and observation

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