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Hy

Hyaline casts

Urinary CastsTables

Hyaline membrane disease

Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Hyaluronans

  • in osteoarthritis

  • Osteoarthritis (OA): Drugs

    Hydatid disease

    Selected Diseases or Organisms Associated With Liver InflammationTables
    Hepatic Cysts
    Echinococcosis

  • of brain

  • Helminthic Infections: Other infections

    Hydatidiform mole

    Gestational Trophoblastic Disease
    WHO Scoring System in Metastatic Gestational Trophoblastic DiseaseTables

    Hydralazine

  • in heart failure

  • Heart Failure: Vasodilators

  • in hypertension

  • Arterial Hypertension: Direct vasodilators
    Direct Vasodilators for HypertensionTables

  • in hypertensive emergency

  • Parenteral Drugs for Hypertensive EmergenciesTables

  • SLE-like syndrome with

  • Drug Hypersensitivity: Symptoms and Signs

  • vitamin B6 deficiency and

  • Potential Vitamin-Drug InteractionsTables

    Hydramnios

    Risk Factors: Polyhydramnios (hydramnios) and oligohydramnios

    Hydranencephaly

    Brain Anomalies: Porencephaly

    Hydremia

  • of pregnancy

  • Anemia in Pregnancy

    Hydride poisoning

    Symptoms and Treatment of Specific Poisons Tables

    Hydrocarbons

  • poisoning with

  • Hydrocarbon Poisoning
    Symptoms and Treatment of Specific Poisons Tables
    Symptoms and Treatment of Specific Poisons Tables

    Hydrocele

    Some Causes of a Painless Scrotal MassTables
    Painless Scrotal Mass: Interpretation of findings

  • congenital

  • Evaluation and Care of the Normal Neonate: Physical examination
    Testicular and Scrotal Anomalies: Congenital hydrocele

    Hydrocephalus

  • congenital

  • Brain Anomalies: Hydrocephalus

  • normal-pressure

  • Dementia: Normal–Pressure Hydrocephalus

  • obstructive

  • Brain Anomalies: Hydrocephalus

    Hydrochloric acid

  • in metabolic alkalosis

  • Metabolic Alkalosis: Treatment

    Hydrochlorothiazide

    Oral Diuretics for HypertensionTables

  • in elderly

  • Effect of Aging on Drug Metabolism* and EliminationTables
    Drug Categories of Concern in the Elderly: Diuretics

    Hydrocodone

    Opioid Analgesics Tables

  • poisoning with

  • Symptoms and Treatment of Specific Poisons Tables

    Hydrocolloids

    Principles of Topical Dermatologic Therapy: Occlusive dressings
    Options for Pressure Ulcer DressingsTables
    Pressure Ulcers: Ulcer care

    Hydrocortisone

  • in 11b-hydroxylase deficiency

  • Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia: Treatment

  • in 21-hydroxylase deficiency

  • Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia: Treatment

  • in inflammatory bowel disease

  • Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD): Corticosteroids

  • in neonatal hypoglycemia

  • Hypoglycemia: Treatment

    Hydrocyanic acid poisoning

    Symptoms and Treatment of Specific Poisons Tables

    Hydroflumethiazide

    Oral Diuretics for HypertensionTables

    Hydrofluoric acid poisoning

    Symptoms and Treatment of Specific Poisons Tables

    Hydrogen

  • intestinal production of

  • Gas-Related Complaints: Excessive flatus

    Hydrogen breath test

    Malabsorption Syndromes: Diagnosing the cause of malabsorption
    Carbohydrate Intolerance: Diagnosis

    Hydrogen chloride

  • occupational exposure to

  • Irritant Gas Inhalation Injury

  • poisoning with

  • Symptoms and Treatment of Specific Poisons Tables

    Hydrogen fluoride poisoning

    Symptoms and Treatment of Specific Poisons Tables

    Hydrogen sulfide poisoning

    Symptoms and Treatment of Specific Poisons Tables

    Hydromediastinum

    Vascular Access: Complications

    Hydromorphone

    Opioid Analgesics Tables
    Equianalgesic Doses of Opioid Analgesics*Tables

    Hydronephrosis

    Neurogenic Bladder: Symptoms and Signs
    Obstructive Uropathy: Treatment

  • pleural effusion and

  • Causes of Pleural Effusion Tables

  • pregnancy and

  • Physiology of Pregnancy: Urinary

    Hydrophobia

    Rabies: Symptoms and Signs

    Hydrops fetalis

    Erythema Infectiosum: Symptoms and Signs

    Hydroquinone

    Hyperpigmentation: Melasma (chloasma)
    Hyperpigmentation Effects of Some Drugs and ChemicalsTables

    Hydrosalpinges

    Pelvic Mass: Examination
    Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID): Complications

    Hydrostatic (underwater) weighing

    Obesity and the Metabolic Syndrome: Body composition analysis

    Hydrotherapy

    Indications for Nondrug Pain TreatmentsTables
    Treatment of Pain and Inflammation: Heat

    Hydrothorax

  • central venous catheterization and

  • Vascular Access: Complications

  • hepatic

  • Causes of Pleural Effusion Tables

    Hydroureter

  • pregnancy and

  • Physiology of Pregnancy: Urinary

    Hydroxychloroquine

  • in discoid lupus erythematosus

  • Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE): Discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE)

  • in juvenile idiopathic arthritis

  • Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA): Treatment

  • in porphyria

  • Cutaneous Porphyrias: Treatment

  • in sarcoidosis

  • Sarcoidosis: Treatment

  • in SLE

  • Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE): Mild or remittent disease

    Hydroxychloroquine in rheumatoid arthritis

    Other Drugs Used to Treat RATables
    Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA): Traditional (DMARDs)

    Hydroxychloroquine sulfate

    Adverse Reactions and Contraindications of Antimalarial DrugsTables

    5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA)

    Carcinoid Syndrome: Diagnosis

    11b-Hydroxylase deficiency

    Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia: 11β-Hydroxylase Deficiency

    21-Hydroxylase deficiency

    Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia: 21-Hydroxylase Deficiency

    4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid dioxygenase

    Amino Acid and Organic Acid Metabolism Disorders: Transient tyrosinemia of the newborn

    Hydroxyprogesterone

    Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia: Diagnosis

    11b-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase

    Disorders of Potassium Concentration: Renal losses

    5-Hydroxytryptamine

    see Serotonin

    Hydroxyurea

    Commonly Used Antineoplastic DrugsTables

  • in chronic myelocytic leukemia

  • Chronic Leukemia: Treatment

  • in essential thrombocythemia

  • Essential Thrombocythemia: Treatment

  • in myelophthisic anemia

  • Myelophthisic Anemia: Treatment

  • in polycythemia vera

  • Polycythemia Vera: Myelosuppressive therapy

  • in sickle cell disease

  • Sickle Cell Disease: Health maintenance

    25-Hydroxyvitamin D

    see also Vitamin D
    Vitamin D
    Vitamin D: Diagnosis

    Hydroxyzine

    Some Therapeutic Approaches to ItchingTables
    Oral H1 BlockersTables

  • in elderly

  • High-Risk Drugs in the Elderly (Based on Beers Criteria) Tables

    Hygroma

  • cystic

  • Vascular Lesions: Lymphatic Malformations

    Hymenolepis diminuta infection

    Hymenolepis diminuta Infection

    Hymenolepis nana infection

    Hymenolepis nana Infection

    Hyoscyamine

  • in dying patient

  • Symptom Control in the Dying: Dyspnea

  • in elderly

  • High-Risk Drugs in the Elderly (Based on Beers Criteria) Tables

  • poisoning with

  • Symptoms and Treatment of Specific Poisons Tables

  • in urinary incontinence

  • Drugs Used to Treat Incontinence Tables

    Hyperactivity

    Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD, ADD)
    DSM-IV-TR Symptom Criteria for ADHD*Tables

    Hyperacusis

    Approach to the Neurologic Patient: Cranial nerves

    Hyperaldosteronism

    see Aldosteronism

    Hyperalimentation

    see Parenteral nutrition

    Hyperalphalipoproteinemia

    Dyslipidemia: Elevated High-Density Lipoprotein Levels

    Hyperammonemia

  • total parenteral nutrition and

  • Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN): Complications

    Hyperarousal

    Anxiety Disorders in Children and Adolescents: Symptoms and Signs

    Hyperbaric oxygen therapy

    Causes of SeizuresTables
    Recompression Therapy
    Hyperbaric O2 Therapy*Tables

  • in carbon monoxide poisoning

  • Carbon Monoxide Poisoning: Treatment

    Hyperbilirubinemia

    see also Bilirubin
    see also Jaundice
    Jaundice: Mechanisms of hyperbilirubinemia
    Laboratory Tests: Bilirubin

  • conjugated

  • Laboratory Tests: Bilirubin

  • dental discoloration in

  • Approach to Dental and Oral Symptoms: Physical examination

  • in large-for-gestational-age infant

  • Large-for-Gestational-Age (LGA) Infant: Infants of diabetic mothers

  • neonatal

  • Evaluation and Care of the Normal Neonate: Screening
    Perinatal Physiology: Bilirubin
    Birth Injuries: Soft-Tissue Injuries
    Hyperbilirubinemia
    Causes of Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia Tables

  • cholestasis and

  • Neonatal Cholestasis
    Diagnostic Evaluation for Neonatal CholestasisTables

  • physiologic

  • Hyperbilirubinemia: Etiology and Pathophysiology
    Hyperbilirubinemia: Treatment

  • in premature infant

  • Premature Infant: Metabolic problems

  • shunt

  • Inborn Metabolic Disorders Causing Hyperbilirubinemia: Primary Shunt Hyperbilirubinemia

  • unconjugated

  • Laboratory Tests: Bilirubin

    Hypercalcemia

    Disorders of Calcium Concentration: Hypercalcemia
    Principal Causes of HypercalcemiaTables
    Laboratory and Clinical Findings in Some Disorders Causing HypercalcemiaTables

  • acute renal failure and

  • Acute Renal Failure (ARF): Diagnosis

  • breast cancer and

  • Breast Cancer: Metastatic disease

  • familial

  • Disorders of Calcium Concentration: Pathophysiology
    Disorders of Calcium Concentration: FHH
    Laboratory and Clinical Findings in Some Disorders Causing HypercalcemiaTables
    Disorders of Calcium Concentration: FHH

  • humoral

  • Disorders of Calcium Concentration: Pathophysiology
    Disorders of Calcium Concentration: Cancer

  • hypocalciuric

  • Disorders of Calcium Concentration: Pathophysiology
    Disorders of Calcium Concentration: FHH
    Laboratory and Clinical Findings in Some Disorders Causing HypercalcemiaTables
    Disorders of Calcium Concentration: FHH

  • idiopathic

  • Disorders of Calcium Concentration: Pathophysiology

  • immobilization and

  • Principal Causes of HypercalcemiaTables
    Disorders of Calcium Concentration: Pathophysiology

  • of infancy

  • Disorders of Calcium Concentration: Pathophysiology

  • of malignancy

  • Lung Carcinoma: Paraneoplastic syndromes
    Disorders of Calcium Concentration: Pathophysiology
    Disorders of Calcium Concentration: Cancer

  • neonatal

  • Hypercalcemia

  • nephropathy and

  • Tubulointerstitial Nephritis: Hypercalcemia

  • in Paget's disease

  • Paget's Disease of Bone: Complications

  • vitamin D toxicity and

  • Vitamin D: Symptoms

    Hypercalciuria

    Urinary Calculi: Etiology
    Urinary Calculi: Prevention

    Hypercapneia

  • central sleep apnea and

  • Central Sleep Apnea: Etiology

    Hypercapnia

    see also Respiratory failure
    Measurement of Gas Exchange: Hypercapnia
    Ventilatory Failure
    The balance between load (resistive, elastic, and minute ventilation) and neuromuscular competence (drive, transmission, and muscle strength) determines the ability to sustain alveolar ventilation.Figures

  • COPD and

  • Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): Pathophysiology
    Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): Evaluation of exacerbations

  • metabolic alkalosis and

  • Causes of Metabolic AlkalosisTables

  • permissive

  • Acute Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure (AHRF, ARDS): Mechanical ventilation in ALI/ARDS

  • respiratory acidosis and

  • Respiratory Acidosis

    Hypercarotenemia

    Description of Skin Lesions: Color

    Hyperchlorhydria

    Acid-Related Tests: Gastric Analysis

    Hypercholesterolemia

    see also Dyslipidemia

  • chronic renal failure and

  • Chronic Kidney Disease (Chronic Renal Failure): Nutrition

  • familial

  • Genetic (Primary) DyslipidemiasTables
    Dyslipidemia: Symptoms and Signs
    Dyslipidemia: Elevated LDL-cholesterol

  • polygenic

  • Genetic (Primary) DyslipidemiasTables

    Hypercoagulability disorders

    see also Thrombotic disorders

  • deep venous thrombosis and

  • Risk Factors for Venous ThrombosisTables
    Deep Venous Thrombosis (DVT): Determination of cause

  • pulmonary embolism and

  • Risk Factors for Deep Venous Thrombosis and Pulmonary EmbolismTables

    Hyperemesis gravidarum

    Nausea and Vomiting During Early Pregnancy
    Some Causes of Nausea and Vomiting During Early PregnancyTables
    Hyperemesis Gravidarum

  • human chorionic gonadotropin in

  • Hyperthyroidism: Etiology

  • hyperthyroidism in

  • Hyperthyroidism: Etiology

    Hyperemia

  • conjunctival

  • Conjunctival and Scleral Disorders: Select eye findings in conjunctival disorders

    Hypereosinophilic syndrome

    Eosinophilia: Idiopathic Hypereosinophilic Syndrome
    Abnormalities in Patients With Idiopathic Hypereosinophilic SyndromeTables

    Hypergammaglobulinemic purpura

    Dysproteinemias Causing Vascular Purpura

    Hypergastrinemia

    Pancreatic Endocrine Tumors: Diagnosis

    Hyperglycemia

    see also Diabetes mellitus

  • antiretrovirals and

  • Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV): Adverse effects

  • dental caries and

  • Approach to Dental and Oral Symptoms: Endocrine disorders

  • diabetes mellitus and

  • Diabetes Mellitus (DM): Symptoms and Signs
    Diabetes Mellitus (DM): Insulin
    Diabetes Mellitus (DM): Hospitalization
    Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA): Pathophysiology
    Nephrotic Syndrome: Pathophysiology

  • hypernatremia and

  • Hypernatremia: Hypovolemic hypernatremia
    Hypernatremia: Treatment

  • neonatal

  • Hyperglycemia

  • oral contraceptives and

  • Contraception: Adverse effects

  • pancreatitis and

  • Acute Pancreatitis: Treatment

  • pheochromocytoma and

  • Pheochromocytoma: Other tests

  • post-resuscitation

  • Cardiac Arrest: Neurologic support

  • protein-energy undernutrition treatment and

  • Protein-Energy Undernutrition: Complications of treatment

  • total parenteral nutrition and

  • Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN): Complications

    Hyperhidrosis

    Principles of Topical Dermatologic Therapy: Drying agents
    Hyperhidrosis
    Some Causes of Generalized SweatingTables

    Hyperhomocysteinemia

    Atherosclerosis: Other drugs
    Acquired Causes of ThromboembolismTables
    Thrombotic Disorders: Hyperhomocysteinemia

  • atherosclerosis and

  • Atherosclerosis: Risk Factors

    Hyper-IgD syndrome

    Hyper-IgD Syndrome

    Hyper-IgE syndrome

    Primary Immunodeficiency Disorders Tables
    Characteristic Clinical Findings in Some Primary Immunodeficiency DisordersTables
    Hyper-IgE Syndrome

    Hyper-IgM syndrome

    Primary Immunodeficiency Disorders Tables
    Hyper-IgM Syndrome

    Hyperimmune globulin

    Passive Immunization: Hyperimmune globulin

    Hyperinsulinemia

  • insulinoma and

  • Pancreatic Endocrine Tumors: Insulinoma

  • neonatal

  • Hypoglycemia: Etiology

    Hyperkalemia

    ECG patterns in hypokalemia and hyperkalemia. Figures
    Disorders of Potassium Concentration: Hyperkalemia
    Factors Contributing to HyperkalemiaTables

  • acute renal failure and

  • Acute Renal Failure (ARF): Diagnosis
    Acute Renal Failure (ARF): Emergency treatment

  • chronic renal failure and

  • Chronic Kidney Disease (Chronic Renal Failure): Fluid and electrolytes

  • diabetic ketoacidosis and

  • Disorders of Potassium Concentration: K shifts

  • periodic paralysis and

  • Examples of Disorders Associated With Defects in Neurotransmission Tables
    Familial Periodic Paralysis

    Hyperkeratosis

    Calluses and Corns

  • epidermolytic

  • Clinical and Genetic Features of Some Inherited IchthyosesTables
    Ichthyosis: Infection prophylaxis

  • tinea pedis and

  • Dermatophytoses: Tinea Pedis

    Hyperkeratotic eczema

    Hand and Foot Dermatitis

    Hyperkinesia

    Movement and Cerebellar Disorders: Hyperkinesia
    Classification of Hyperkinesias.Figures
    Hyperkinetic DisordersTables

    Hyperkinesis

    see Hyperactivity

    Hyperlipidemia

    see also Dyslipidemia
    Dyslipidemia

  • antiretrovirals and

  • Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV): Adverse effects

  • total parenteral nutrition and

  • Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN): Complications

    Hypermagnesemia

    Disorders of Magnesium Concentration: Hypermagnesemia

    Hypermenorrhea

    Vaginal Bleeding
    Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding (DUB): Symptoms, Signs, and Diagnosis

    Hypernatremia

    see also Fluids
    see also Sodium
    see also Water
    Hypernatremia
    Principal Causes of HypernatremiaTables

  • in elderly

  • Hypernatremia: Hypernatremia in the elderly

  • essential

  • Hypernatremia: Euvolemic hypernatremia

  • neonatal

  • Hypernatremia
    Neonatal Seizure Disorders: Etiology

    Hypernephroma

    Renal Cell Carcinoma

    Hyperopia (farsightedness)

    Errors of Refraction. Figures
    Refractive Error

    Hyperosmia

    Smell and Taste Abnormalities: Smell

    Hyperostoses

    Osteopetroses: Craniotubular Hyperostoses

    Hyperoxaluria

    Urinary Calculi: Etiology
    Urinary Calculi: Prevention
    Tubulointerstitial Nephritis: Hyperoxaluria

    Hyperparathyroidism

    see also Hypercalcemia
    Principal Causes of HypercalcemiaTables
    Disorders of Calcium Concentration: Pathophysiology
    Disorders of Calcium Concentration: Hyperparathyroidism
    Laboratory and Clinical Findings in Some Disorders Causing HypercalcemiaTables
    Disorders of Calcium Concentration: Hyperparathyroidism
    Disorders of Calcium Concentration: Hyperparathyroidism

  • dialysis and

  • Medical Aspects of Long-Term Renal Replacement Therapy: Hypocalcemia and secondary hyperparathyroidism

  • in elderly patient

  • Unusual Presentations of Illness in the elderly

  • fetal

  • Hypercalcemia: Etiology

  • in MEN syndromes

  • Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia, Type 1 (MEN 1): Parathyroid
    Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia, Type 2A (MEN 2A): Parathyroid

  • neonatal

  • Hypercalcemia: Etiology

  • osteoporosis vs

  • Osteoporosis: Plain x‑rays
    Osteoporosis: Other testing

  • vitamin D deficiency and

  • Vitamin D: Vitamin D Deficiency and Dependency

    Hyperpathia

    Neuropathic Pain: Symptoms and Diagnosis

    Hyperphosphatemia

    Disorders of Phosphate Concentration: Hyperphosphatemia

  • dialysis and

  • Medical Aspects of Long-Term Renal Replacement Therapy: Hyperphosphatemia

  • hypocalcemia and

  • Disorders of Calcium Concentration: Other causes

    Hyperpigmentation

    Hyperpigmentation
    Hyperpigmentation Effects of Some Drugs and ChemicalsTables

  • in Addison's disease

  • Addison's Disease: Symptoms and Signs

  • differential diagnosis of

  • Addison's Disease: Differential diagnosis

    Hyperpituitarism

    see also Acromegaly
    see also Hyperprolactinemia
    Foot Manifestations of Systemic DisordersTables

    Hyperpnea

  • in tetralogy of Fallot

  • Tetralogy of Fallot
    Tetralogy of Fallot: Symptoms and Signs

    Hyperprolactinemia

    Generalized Hypopituitarism: Laboratory testing
    Galactorrhea
    Causes of HyperprolactinemiaTables
    Amenorrhea: History and physical examination

    Hyperpyrexia

    see Fever
    see Heat
    see Hyperthermia

    Hypersensitivity pneumonitis

    Substances With Toxic Pulmonary EffectsTables
    Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis
    Examples of Hypersensitivity PneumonitisTables
    Diagnostic Criteria for Hypersensitivity PneumonitisTables

  • beryllium-induced

  • Beryllium Disease: Pathophysiology

    Hypersensitivity reactions

    see also Allergy
    see also Immune complexes
    Allergic and Other Hypersensitivity Disorders
    Putative Autommune DisordersTables

  • drug-induced

  • Drug Hypersensitivity

  • anaphylactic

  • Atopic and Allergic Disorders: Anaphylaxis

  • cutaneous

  • Contact Dermatitis
    Causes of Allergic Contact DermatitisTables
    Photosensitivity: Chemical photosensitivity
    Some Substances That Sensitize the Skin to SunlightTables
    Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS) and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (TEN)

  • neutropenia and

  • Neutropenia: Secondary neutropenia

  • penicillin and

  • see also Penicillin, allergy to
    β-Lactams: Adverse Effects

  • eosinophils in

  • Eosinophilic Disorders

  • light-induced

  • Photosensitivity
    Some Substances That Sensitize the Skin to SunlightTables

  • type I (atopic, reaginic, anaphylactic, IgE-mediated)

  • Components of the Immune System: Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes
    Allergic and Other Hypersensitivity Disorders: Type I
    Atopic and Allergic Disorders

  • type II (cytotoxic, cell-stimulating)

  • Allergic and Other Hypersensitivity Disorders: Type II

  • type III (soluble complex, immune complex)

  • Allergic and Other Hypersensitivity Disorders: Type III

  • type IV (cell-mediated, delayed)

  • Allergic and Other Hypersensitivity Disorders: Type IV

  • tuberculosis and

  • Tuberculosis (TB): Active disease

  • vasculitic

  • Cutaneous Vasculitis

    Hyperserotonemia

    Examples of Disorders Associated With Defects in Neurotransmission Tables

    Hypersomatotropism

    Gigantism and Acromegaly

    Hypersomnia

    see also Sleep
    Narcolepsy

    Hypersplenism

    Splenomegaly: Hypersplenism
    Indications for Splenectomy or Radiation Therapy in HypersplenismTables

  • thrombocytopenia and

  • Thrombocytopenia Due to Splenic Sequestration

    Hypertension

    Arterial Hypertension
    JNC 7 Classification of Blood Pressure in AdultsTables

  • aldosteronism and

  • Primary Aldosteronism: Diagnosis
    Differential Diagnosis of AldosteronismTables

  • atherosclerosis and

  • Atherosclerosis: Risk Factors

  • cancer-related

  • Paraneoplastic Syndromes: Endocrine paraneoplastic syndromes

  • drug interactions with

  • Drug-Disease Interactions in the Elderly Tables

  • gestational

  • Hypertension in Pregnancy

  • hyperplastic arteriolosclerosis in

  • Nonatheromatous Arteriosclerosis

  • intracerebral hemorrhage and

  • Intracerebral Hemorrhage: Diagnosis and Treatment

  • intracranial

  • idiopathic (pseudotumor cerebri)

  • Cerebrospinal Fluid Abnormalities in Various DisordersTables
    Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension
    Conditions Associated with Papilledema and Idiopathic Intracranial HypertensionTables

  • in MEN 2A syndrome

  • Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia, Type 2A (MEN 2A): Adrenal

  • nephrosclerosis in

  • Benign Hypertensive Arteriolar Nephrosclerosis

  • ocular

  • see also Glaucoma
    Glaucoma: Screening
    Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma: Elevated-pressure glaucoma

  • pheochromocytoma and

  • Pheochromocytoma: Symptoms and Signs
    Pheochromocytoma: Treatment

  • portal

  • see also Portal hypertension
    Portal Hypertension
    Most Common Causes of Portal HypertensionTables

  • portopulmonary

  • Pulmonary Hypertension: Portopulmonary Hypertension

  • posttransplantation

  • Transplantation: Renal disorders

  • pregnancy and

  • Hepatic Disorders in Pregnancy: Preeclampsia
    Hypertension in Pregnancy
    Risk Factors: Hypertension
    Preeclampsia and Eclampsia

  • primary

  • Arterial Hypertension: Primary hypertension

  • pulmonary

  • see also Pulmonary hypertension
    Pulmonary Hypertension
    Classification of Pulmonary HypertensionTables

  • renoprival

  • Arterial Hypertension: Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system

  • renovascular

  • Arterial Hypertension: Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
    Renovascular Hypertension
    Renal Artery Stenosis and Occlusion: Renovascular hypertension

  • retinopathy in

  • Approach to the Ophthalmologic Patient: Ophthalmoscopy
    Hypertensive Retinopathy

  • secondary

  • Arterial Hypertension: Secondary hypertension

  • severe

  • Arterial Hypertension: Symptoms and Signs
    Hypertensive Emergencies
    Hypertensive Emergencies
    Parenteral Drugs for Hypertensive EmergenciesTables

  • subarachnoid hemorrhage and

  • Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (SAH): Prognosis and Treatment

  • treatment of

  • Arterial Hypertension: General Treatment
    Choice of Antihypertensive Drug Class Tables
    Antihypertensives for High-Risk PatientsTables
    Combination Drugs Used for Hypertension Tables
    Combination Drugs Used for Hypertension Tables
    Oral Diuretics for HypertensionTables
    β -Blockers for HypertensionTables
    Calcium Channel Blockers for HypertensionTables
    ACE Inhibitors and Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers for HypertensionTables
    Adrenergic Modifiers for HypertensionTables
    Direct Vasodilators for HypertensionTables

  • in elderly

  • Effect of Aging on Drug ResponseTables
    Drug-Disease Interactions in the Elderly Tables
    Drug Categories of Concern in the Elderly: Antihypertensives

  • white coat

  • Arterial Hypertension: Diagnosis

    Hypertensive emergency

    Arterial Hypertension: Symptoms and Signs
    Hypertensive Emergencies
    Parenteral Drugs for Hypertensive EmergenciesTables

    Hypertensive encephalopathy

    Hypertensive Emergencies
    Hypertensive Emergencies: Symptoms and Signs

    Hypertensive urgency

    Hypertensive Emergencies: Hypertensive urgencies
    Hypertensive Emergencies: Hypertensive urgencies

    Hyperthermia

    Heat Illness
    Common Factors Contributing to Heat DisordersTables

  • malignant

  • Pharmacogenetics: Malignant hyperthermia

  • poisoning and

  • General Principles of Poisoning: Ongoing supportive measures

    Hyperthyroidism

    Results of Thyroid Function Tests in Various Clinical SituationsTables
    Hyperthyroidism
    Treatment of Thyroid StormTables

  • autosomal dominant

  • Hyperthyroidism: Etiology

  • in children

  • Hyperthyroidism

  • choriocarcinoma and

  • Hyperthyroidism: Etiology

  • congenital

  • Thyroid Disorders in Pregnancy: Congenital Graves' disease

  • cutaneous manifestations of

  • Skin Manifestations of Internal Disease: Endocrinopathies

  • dental procedures in

  • Approach to Dental and Oral Symptoms: Endocrine disorders

  • dermopathy in

  • Hyperthyroidism: Symptoms and Signs
    Hyperthyroidism: Treatment of infiltrative dermopathy and ophthalmopathy

  • drug-induced

  • Hyperthyroidism: Etiology

  • in elderly

  • Hyperthyroidism: Symptoms and Signs
    Unusual Presentations of Illness in the elderly

  • eyelid swelling and

  • Some Causes of Eyelid SwellingTables

  • factitious

  • Hyperthyroidism: Etiology
    Hyperthyroidism: Diagnosis

  • fetal

  • Thyroid Disorders in Pregnancy: Graves' disease

  • Graves' disease and

  • see Graves' disease

  • hyperemesis gravidarum and

  • Hyperthyroidism: Etiology

  • inappropriate TSH secretion in

  • Hyperthyroidism: Etiology
    Hyperthyroidism: Diagnosis

  • in infant

  • Hyperthyroidism: Etiology
    Hyperthyroidism: Etiology

  • iodine-123 uptake test in

  • Thyroid Disorders: Laboratory Testing of Thyroid Function

  • iodine ingestion and

  • Hyperthyroidism: Etiology
    Hyperthyroidism: Diagnosis

  • iodine toxicity and

  • Iodine: Iodine Toxicity

  • mental symptoms in

  • Selected Physical Disorders Causing Mental SymptomsTables

  • metastatic thyroid cancer and

  • Hyperthyroidism: Etiology

  • molar pregnancy and

  • Hyperthyroidism: Etiology

  • ophthalmopathy in

  • Proptosis: Evaluation
    Hyperthyroidism: Etiology
    Hyperthyroidism: Symptoms and Signs
    Hyperthyroidism: Treatment of infiltrative dermopathy and ophthalmopathy

  • postpartum

  • Thyroid Disorders in Pregnancy: Postpartum maternal thyroid dysfunction

  • pregnancy and

  • Thyroid Disorders in Pregnancy: Graves' disease

  • struma ovarii and

  • Hyperthyroidism: Etiology

  • subclinical

  • Thyroid Disorders: Laboratory Testing of Thyroid Function
    Hyperthyroidism: Subclinical Hyperthyroidism

  • thyroiditis and

  • Hyperthyroidism: Etiology

  • thyroid storm in

  • Hyperthyroidism: Thyroid storm
    Hyperthyroidism: Treatment of thyroid storm
    Treatment of Thyroid StormTables

  • toxic solitary or multinodular goiter and

  • Hyperthyroidism: Etiology

  • tremor and

  • Some Causes of Secondary Tremor*Tables

    Hypertrichosis

    see also Virilism/virilization
    Hirsutism

  • cancer-related

  • Paraneoplastic Syndromes: Cutaneous paraneoplastic syndromes

  • hirsutism vs

  • Amenorrhea: History and physical examination

    Hypertriglyceridemia

    Dyslipidemia: Symptoms and Signs
    National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III Approach to DyslipidemiasTables

  • atherosclerosis and

  • Atherosclerosis: Risk Factors

  • familial

  • Genetic (Primary) DyslipidemiasTables

    Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis

    Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis

    Hypertrophy

  • muscle

  • Approach to the Neurologic Patient: Motor system

    Hypertropia

    Ocular deviations in strabismus.Figures
    Strabismus: Etiology

    Hyperuricemia

    see also Uric acid (urate)
    Gout
    Microscopic Examination of Crystals in JointsTables

  • acute leukemia and

  • Acute Leukemia: Supportive care

  • asymptomatic

  • Gout: Asymptomatic Hyperuricemia

  • diuretic-induced

  • Arterial Hypertension: Diuretics

  • in Lesch-Nyhan syndrome

  • Purine and Pyrimidine Metabolism Disorders: Lesch-Nyhan syndrome

  • nephropathy and

  • Tubulointerstitial Nephritis: Chronic urate nephropathy

  • polycythemia vera and

  • Polycythemia Vera: Treatment of complications

    Hyperuricosuria

    Urinary Calculi: Prevention

    Hyperventilation

  • in brain injury

  • Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI): Increased intracranial pressure

  • high altitude acclimatization and

  • Altitude Sickness: Acclimatization

  • infection and

  • Manifestations of Infection

  • intracranial pressure and

  • Coma and Impaired Consciousness: ICP control

  • neurogenic

  • Coma and Impaired Consciousness: Respiratory patterns

  • respiratory alkalosis and

  • Respiratory Alkalosis

  • septic shock and

  • Sepsis and Septic Shock: Diagnosis

  • syncope and

  • Some Causes of SyncopeTables

    Hyperventilation syndrome

    Hyperventilation Syndrome

    Hyperviscosity syndrome

    Dysproteinemias Causing Vascular Purpura
    Macroglobulinemia: Symptoms and Signs

  • perinatal

  • Perinatal Polycythemia and Hyperviscosity Syndrome

    Hypervolemia

  • hypernatremia and

  • Principal Causes of HypernatremiaTables
    Hypernatremia: Hypervolemic hypernatremia
    Hypernatremia: Treatment

  • hyponatremia and

  • Principal Causes of HyponatremiaTables
    Hyponatremia: Hypervolemic hyponatremia
    Hyponatremia: Identification of the cause
    Hyponatremia: Mild hyponatremia
    Hyponatremia: Etiology and Pathophysiology

    Hyphema

    Contusions and Lacerations: Anterior chamber hemorrhage (hyphema)

    Hypnagogic phenomena

    Narcolepsy: Symptoms and Signs

    Hypnosis (hypnotherapy)

    Types of Complementary and Alternative Medicine Tables
    Mind-Body Techniques: Hypnotherapy

  • in dissociative amnesia

  • Dissociative Amnesia: Treatment

  • in dissociative identity disorder

  • Dissociative Identity Disorder: Treatment

  • in functional abdominal pain

  • Chronic and Recurrent Abdominal Pain: Treatment

    Hypnotics

    see Sedatives

    Hypoalbuminemia

    Laboratory Tests: Serum proteins

  • burns and

  • Burns: Systemic

  • calcium levels in

  • Estimation of Ionized Calcium ConcentrationSidebars

  • pleural effusion with

  • Causes of Pleural Effusion Tables

    Hypoalphalipoproteinemia

    Genetic (Primary) DyslipidemiasTables

    Hypobetalipoproteinemia

    Hypolipidemia: Hypobetalipoproteinemia

    Hypocalcemia

    Disorders of Calcium Concentration: Hypocalcemia
    Typical Laboratory Test Results in Some Disorders Causing HypocalcemiaTables

  • acute renal failure and

  • Acute Renal Failure (ARF): Diagnosis

  • blood transfusion and

  • Complications of Transfusion: Complications of massive transfusion

  • celiac sprue and

  • Celiac Sprue: Symptoms and Signs

  • dialysis and

  • Medical Aspects of Long-Term Renal Replacement Therapy: Hypocalcemia and secondary hyperparathyroidism

  • malabsorption and

  • Symptoms of MalabsorptionTables

  • neonatal

  • Hypocalcemia
    Neonatal Seizure Disorders: Etiology
    Neonatal Seizure Disorders: Treatment

  • pancreatitis and

  • Acute Pancreatitis: Laboratory tests
    Acute Pancreatitis: Treatment

  • in pregnancy

  • Hypercalcemia: Etiology

  • seizures and

  • Causes of SeizuresTables

  • vitamin D deficiency and

  • Vitamin D: Vitamin D Deficiency and Dependency

    Hypocapnia

    Measurement of Gas Exchange: Hypocapnia

  • central sleep apnea and

  • Central Sleep Apnea: Etiology

  • respiratory alkalosis and

  • Respiratory Alkalosis

    Hypochlorhydria

    Acid-Related Tests: Gastric Analysis

    Hypochlorite poisoning

    Symptoms and Treatment of Specific Poisons Tables

    Hypochondriasis

    Coping MechanismsTables
    Hypochondriasis

  • gastrointestinal illness in

  • Functional GI Illness

    Hypochondroplasia

    Types of Osteochondrodysplastic DwarfismTables

    Hypochromia

    Evaluation of Anemia: Testing

    Hypocitruria

    Urinary Calculi: Etiology
    Urinary Calculi: Prevention

    Hypogammaglobulinemia

    see also Immunodeficiency

  • acquired (adult-onset)

  • Primary Immunodeficiency Disorders Tables
    Characteristic Clinical Findings in Some Primary Immunodeficiency DisordersTables
    Common Variable Immunodeficiency

  • bronchiectasis in

  • Factors Predisposing to BronchiectasisTables

  • non-Hodgkin lymphoma and

  • Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas: Pathophysiology

  • pneumonia with

  • Pneumonia in Immunocompromised PatientsTables

  • in premature infant

  • Perinatal Physiology: Immunologic

  • transient

  • of infancy

  • Primary Immunodeficiency Disorders Tables
    Transient Hypogammaglobulinemia of Infancy

    Hypogeusia

    Smell and Taste Abnormalities: Smell

    Hypoglossal nerve (12th cranial nerve)

    Approach to Dental and Oral Symptoms: Mouth
    Approach to the Neurologic Patient: Cranial nerves
    Cranial NervesTables

    Hypoglycemia

    Hypoglycemia

  • Addison's disease and

  • Addison's Disease: Differential diagnosis

  • cancer-related

  • Paraneoplastic Syndromes: Endocrine paraneoplastic syndromes

  • diabetes mellitus and

  • Diabetes Mellitus (DM): Insulin
    Diabetes Mellitus (DM): Hospitalization

  • drug-induced

  • Hypoglycemia

  • factitious

  • Hypoglycemia: Etiology

  • inborn errors of metabolism and

  • Approach to the Patient With a Suspected Inherited Disorder of Metabolism: History and physical examination

  • infection and

  • Manifestations of Infection

  • insulinoma and

  • Pancreatic Endocrine Tumors: Diagnosis

  • neonatal

  • Perinatal Physiology: Endocrine
    Hypoglycemia

  • in infant of diabetic mother

  • Large-for-Gestational-Age (LGA) Infant: Infants of diabetic mothers

  • seizures and

  • Neonatal Seizure Disorders: Etiology

  • in small-for-gestational-age infant

  • Small-for-Gestational-Age (SGA) Infant: Complications

  • pheochromocytoma and

  • Pheochromocytoma: Other tests

  • reactive

  • Hypoglycemia

  • postgastrectomy

  • Peptic Ulcer Disease: Surgery

  • seizures and

  • Causes of SeizuresTables

  • syncope and

  • Some Causes of SyncopeTables

  • total parenteral nutrition and

  • Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN): Complications

  • tumor-induced

  • Hypoglycemia: Diagnosis

    Hypoglycemics

  • oral

  • see Antihyperglycemics

    Hypogonadism

  • isolated gonadotropin deficiency vs

  • Selective Pituitary Hormone Deficiencies

  • male

  • Male Hypogonadism
    Causes of Hypogonadism*Tables
    Laboratory Evaluation of Male HypogonadismFigures
    Male Sexual Dysfunction: Etiology

  • alcoholic liver disease and

  • Systemic Abnormalities in Liver Disease: Endocrine Abnormalities
    Alcoholic Liver Disease: Symptoms and Signs

  • in children

  • Male Hypogonadism in Children

  • leprosy and

  • Leprosy: Complications

  • secondary

  • Male Hypogonadism in Children: Secondary
    Male Hypogonadism in Children: Treatment

    Hypohidrosis

    Hypohidrosis

    Hypokalemia

    Disorders of Potassium Concentration: Hypokalemia
    ECG patterns in hypokalemia and hyperkalemia. Figures

  • diabetes mellitus and

  • Diabetes Mellitus (DM): Insulin
    Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA): Pathophysiology
    Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA): Diagnosis

  • diarrhea and

  • Diarrhea: Complications

  • drug-induced

  • Disorders of Potassium Concentration: Drugs

  • drug interactions with

  • Drug-Disease Interactions in the Elderly Tables

  • gastroenteritis and

  • Gastroenteritis: Symptoms and Signs

  • liver disease and

  • Systemic Abnormalities in Liver Disease: Renal and Electrolyte Abnormalities

  • metabolic acidosis and

  • Metabolic Acidosis: Treatment

  • metabolic alkalosis and

  • Causes of Metabolic AlkalosisTables

  • nephropathy and

  • Tubulointerstitial Nephritis: Chronic hypokalemia

  • periodic paralysis and

  • Disorders of Potassium Concentration: Intracellular shift
    Examples of Disorders Associated With Defects in Neurotransmission Tables
    Familial Periodic Paralysis

    Hypokinesia

    Movement and Cerebellar Disorders: Hypokinesia

  • in Parkinsons disease

  • Parkinson's Disease: Symptoms and Signs

    Hypolipidemia

    Hypolipidemia

    Hypomagnesemia

    Disorders of Calcium Concentration: Other causes
    Disorders of Calcium Concentration: Treatment
    Disorders of Magnesium Concentration: Hypomagnesemia
    Causes of HypomagnesemiaTables

  • diarrhea and

  • Diarrhea: Complications

  • hypokalemia and

  • Disorders of Potassium Concentration: Treatment

  • malabsorption and

  • Symptoms of MalabsorptionTables

  • metabolic alkalosis and

  • Causes of Metabolic AlkalosisTables

  • neonatal

  • Neonatal Seizure Disorders: Etiology
    Neonatal Seizure Disorders: Treatment

  • pancreatitis and

  • Acute Pancreatitis: Treatment

    Hypomania

    Bipolar Disorders: Hypomania
    Cyclothymic Disorder

    Hyponatremia

    see also Electrolytes
    see also Fluids
    see also Water
    Hyponatremia
    Principal Causes of HyponatremiaTables

  • acute renal failure and

  • Acute Renal Failure (ARF): Diagnosis

  • in AIDS

  • Hyponatremia: Hyponatremia in AIDS

  • cancer-related

  • Paraneoplastic Syndromes: Endocrine paraneoplastic syndromes

  • cerebral edema in

  • Hyponatremia: Symptoms and Signs

  • diuretic-induced

  • Hyponatremia: Hypovolemic hyponatremia
    Hyponatremia: Mild hyponatremia

  • gastroenteritis and

  • Gastroenteritis: Symptoms and Signs

  • liver disease and

  • Systemic Abnormalities in Liver Disease: Renal and Electrolyte Abnormalities

  • neonatal

  • Hyponatremia
    Neonatal Seizure Disorders: Etiology

  • osmotic demyelination syndrome in

  • Hyponatremia: Osmotic demyelination syndrome

  • seizures and

  • Causes of SeizuresTables

  • translational

  • Hyponatremia: Diagnosis

    Hypo-osmotic swelling test

    Sperm Disorders: Diagnosis

    Hypoparathyroidism

    Disorders of Calcium Concentration: Symptoms and Signs
    Disorders of Calcium Concentration: Diagnosis
    Typical Laboratory Test Results in Some Disorders Causing HypocalcemiaTables

  • congenital

  • Hypocalcemia: Etiology

  • teeth in

  • Approach to Dental and Oral Symptoms: Physical examination

  • hypocalcemia in

  • Disorders of Calcium Concentration: Hypoparathyroidism

  • idiopathic

  • Disorders of Calcium Concentration: Hypoparathyroidism

  • in pregnancy

  • Hypercalcemia: Etiology

    Hypophosphatasia

  • congenital

  • Congenital Hypophosphatasia

    Hypophosphatemia

    Disorders of Phosphate Concentration: Hypophosphatemia

  • hemolytic anemia in

  • Stomatocytosis and Anemia Caused by Hypophosphatemia

  • protein-energy undernutrition treatment and

  • Protein-Energy Undernutrition: Complications of treatment

  • of vitamin D-resistant rickets

  • Hypophosphatemic Rickets

    Hypophysectomy

    Cushing's Syndrome: Treatment

    Hypopigmentation

    Pigmentation Disorders

    Hypopituitarism

    Differentiation of Generalized Hypopituitarism from Other Selected DisordersTables

  • apoplexy and

  • Generalized Hypopituitarism: Symptoms and Signs

  • in children

  • Hypopituitarism in Children Resulting in Short Stature
    Male Hypogonadism in Children: Secondary

  • empty sella syndrome and

  • Pituitary Lesions: Empty sella syndrome

  • generalized

  • Generalized Hypopituitarism
    Causes of HypopituitarismTables
    Generalized Hypopituitarism: Treatment

  • secondary

  • Causes of HypopituitarismTables

    Hypoplastic left heart syndrome

    Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome

    Hypoproteinemia

  • cystic fibrosis and

  • Cystic Fibrosis (CF): GI

  • hypocalcalcemia and

  • Disorders of Calcium Concentration: Other causes

  • idiopathic

  • Intestinal Lymphangiectasia

    Hypoprothrombinemia

    Coagulation Disorders Caused by Circulating Anticoagulants

    Hypopyon

    Behçet's Syndrome: Ocular

    Hyposensitization

  • in allergy

  • Atopic and Allergic Disorders: Immunotherapy

    Hyposmia

    Smell and Taste Abnormalities: Smell

    Hypospadias

    Penile and Urethral Anomalies: Hypospadias

    Hypotension

    see also Shock
    see also Syncope

  • ARDS and

  • Acute Lung Injury and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS): Fluid management

  • dialysis and

  • Hemodialysis: Dialysis complications

  • infection and

  • Manifestations of Infection

  • liver disease and

  • Systemic Abnormalities in Liver Disease: Circulatory Abnormalities

  • mechanical ventilation and

  • Overview of Mechanical Ventilation: Complications and Safeguards

  • myocardial infarction and

  • Acute Coronary Syndromes (ACS): Hypotension and cardiogenic shock

  • orthostatic

  • see also Orthostatic hypotension
    Orthostatic Hypotension
    Orthostatic Hypotension: Etiology

  • poisoning and

  • General Principles of Poisoning: Initial stabilization
    General Principles of Poisoning: Ongoing supportive measures

  • postprandial

  • Orthostatic Hypotension: Etiology
    Orthostatic Hypotension: Treatment

  • in premature infant

  • Premature Infant: CNS

  • relative tolerance for

  • Shock: Pathophysiology

  • status asthmaticus and

  • Ventilatory Failure: Status asthmaticus

  • vertigo and

  • Some Causes of Dizziness and VertigoTables

    Hypothalamus

  • disorders of

  • Causes of HypopituitarismTables
    Generalized Hypopituitarism: Symptoms and Signs
    Central Diabetes Insipidus

  • neurohormones of

  • Principles of Endocrinology: Hypothalamic Controls
    Hypothalamic NeurohormonesTables

  • pituitary gland interaction with

  • Principles of Endocrinology: Hypothalamic-Pituitary Relationships

  • sarcoidosis of

  • Systemic Involvement in Sarcoidosis Tables

    Hypothermia

    Cold Injury
    Hypothermia
    Abnormal ECG showing J (Osborn) waves (V4).Figures

  • blood transfusion and

  • Complications of Transfusion: Complications of massive transfusion

  • burns and

  • Burns: Systemic

  • in children

  • Cardiac Arrest: Equipment and environment

  • near drowning and

  • Drowning: Hypothermia

  • in neonate

  • Hypothermia

  • post-resuscitation

  • Cardiac Arrest: Neurologic support

  • in premature infant

  • Premature Infant: Temperature regulation

  • prevention of

  • Cold Injury

    Hypothyroidism

    Foot Manifestations of Systemic DisordersTables
    Generalized Hypopituitarism: Symptoms and Signs
    Selective Pituitary Hormone Deficiencies
    Hypothyroidism

  • in children

  • Hypothyroidism

  • cutaneous manifestations of

  • Skin Manifestations of Internal Disease: Endocrinopathies

  • depression and

  • Depressive Disorders: Diagnosis

  • dyslipidemia in

  • Dyslipidemia: Secondary causes

  • in elderly

  • Unusual Presentations of Illness in the elderly

  • euthyroid sick syndrome vs

  • Results of Thyroid Function Tests in Various Clinical SituationsTables
    Euthyroid Sick Syndrome: Diagnosis

  • eyelid swelling and

  • Some Causes of Eyelid SwellingTables

  • Hashimoto's thyroiditis and

  • Hashimoto's Thyroiditis

  • hyperprolactinemia and

  • Galactorrhea: Etiology

  • iodine deficiency and

  • Iodine: Iodine Deficiency
    Hypothyroidism: Primary hypothyroidism

  • mental symptoms in

  • Selected Physical Disorders Causing Mental SymptomsTables

  • polymyalgia rheumatica vs

  • Polymyalgia Rheumatica: Diagnosis

  • postpartum

  • Thyroid Disorders in Pregnancy: Postpartum maternal thyroid dysfunction

  • in pregnancy

  • Thyroid Disorders in Pregnancy: Maternal hypothyroidism

  • radiation-induced

  • Hyperthyroidism: Etiology
    Hypothyroidism: Primary hypothyroidism

  • secondary

  • Hypothyroidism: Secondary hypothyroidism

  • subacute thyroiditis and

  • Hyperthyroidism: Etiology

  • subclinical

  • Thyroid Disorders: Laboratory Testing of Thyroid Function
    Hypothyroidism: Subclinical Hypothyroidism

  • tertiary

  • Hypothyroidism: Secondary hypothyroidism

    Hypotransferrinemia

    Primary Hemochromatosis: Transferrin and Ceruloplasmin Deficiency

    Hypotropia

    Ocular deviations in strabismus.Figures
    Strabismus: Etiology

    Hypoventilation

    Measurement of Gas Exchange: Hypoxemia with normal (A-a)Do2

  • alveolar

  • COPD and

  • Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): Pathophysiology

  • carbon dioxide poisoning and

  • Gas Toxicity: Carbon dioxide poisoning

  • central

  • sleep apnea and

  • Central Sleep Apnea

  • respiratory acidosis and

  • Respiratory Acidosis

    Hypovitaminosis

    see also at specific vitamins

    Hypovolemia

    see also Dehydration

  • aldosteronism and

  • Secondary Aldosteronism

  • burns and

  • Burns: Systemic

  • hypernatremia and

  • Principal Causes of HypernatremiaTables
    Hypernatremia: Hypovolemic hypernatremia
    Hypernatremia: Treatment

  • hyponatremia and

  • Principal Causes of HyponatremiaTables
    Hyponatremia: Hypovolemic hyponatremia
    Hyponatremia: Identification of the cause
    Hyponatremia: Mild hyponatremia

  • myocardial infarction and

  • Acute Coronary Syndromes (ACS): Hypotension and cardiogenic shock

  • shock and

  • Shock: Hypovolemic shock
    Hypovolemic Shock Caused by Body Fluid LossTables
    Intravenous Fluid Resuscitation: Fluids

    Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase deficiency

    Purine and Pyrimidine Metabolism Disorders: Disorders of Purine Salvage

    Hypoxemia

    see also Asphyxia
    Measurement of Gas Exchange: Oxygenation
    Oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve.Figures

  • acute lung injury and

  • Acute Lung Injury and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)
    Consensus Definition of ALI/ARDSTables

  • acute respiratory failure and

  • Acute Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure (AHRF, ARDS)
    Definition of ALI/ARDSTables

  • ARDS and

  • Acute Lung Injury and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)
    Consensus Definition of ALI/ARDSTables

  • COPD and

  • Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): Pathophysiology
    Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): Adjunctive tests

  • erythrocytosis in

  • Polycythemia Vera: Secondary Erythrocytosis

  • neonatal

  • Perinatal Physiology: Cardiovascular
    Respiratory Support in Neonates and Infants: Mechanical ventilation

  • pancreatitis and

  • Acute Pancreatitis: Treatment

  • postoperative

  • Postoperative Care: Airway

  • sickle cell disease and

  • Sickle Cell Disease: Evaluation of exacerbations

    Hypoxia

    Measurement of Gas Exchange: Oxygenation

  • altitude sickness and

  • Altitude Sickness: Pathophysiology

  • cirrhosis and

  • Cirrhosis: Complications

  • in critical care patient

  • Oxygen Desaturation
    Some Causes of Oxygen DesaturationTables

  • near drowning and

  • Drowning: Hypoxia

  • neonatal

  • Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of the Newborn: Etiology

    Hypoxia-ischemia

  • neonatal

  • Birth Injuries: Intracranial Hemorrhage
    Neonatal Seizure Disorders: Etiology
    Neonatal Seizure Disorders: Prognosis

    Hysterectomy

  • in cervical cancer

  • Cervical Cancer: CIN and squamous cell carcinoma stage IA1
    Cancer in Pregnancy: Cervical cancer

  • in dysfunctional uterine bleeding

  • Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding (DUB): Treatment

  • in endometrial cancer

  • Endometrial Cancer: Treatment

  • in endometriosis

  • Endometriosis: Treatment

  • in ovarian cancer

  • Ovarian Cancer: Treatment

  • in placenta accreta

  • Placenta Accreta

  • in uterine fibroids

  • Uterine Fibroids: Surgery

  • in uterine sarcoma

  • Uterine Sarcomas: Treatment

    Hysterosalpingography

    Tubal Dysfunction and Pelvic Lesions: Diagnosis

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