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THE MERCK MANUAL MEDICAL LIBRARY: The Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy
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Ur

Uranium

Tubulointerstitial Nephritis: Other heavy metals

Urate oxidase

Tubulointerstitial Nephritis: Acute urate nephropathy

Urea

  • topica

  • Principles of Topical Dermatologic Therapy: Keratolytics

    Urea breath test

    Helicobacter pylori Infection: Noninvasive tests

    Urea cycle disorders

    Amino Acid and Organic Acid Metabolism Disorders: Urea Cycle Disorders

    Ureaplasma urealyticum infection

    Chlamydial, Mycoplasmal, and Ureaplasmal Infections

    Urease test

    Helicobacter pylori Infection: Invasive tests

    Uremia

  • anemia and

  • Hypoproliferative Anemias: Anemia of renal disease

  • bleeding and

  • Acquired Platelet Dysfunction: Systemic disorders

  • neurologic manifestations of (uremic flap)

  • Approach to the Renal Patient: Neurologic examination

  • pericarditis and

  • Pericarditis: Treatment

  • pleural effusion and

  • Causes of Pleural Effusion Tables

  • skin manifestations of (uremic frost)

  • Approach to the Renal Patient: Skin examination

    Ureter

  • cancer of

  • Renal Pelvic and Ureteral Cancers

  • congenital anomalies of

  • Ureteral Anomalies

  • dilation of

  • pregnancy and

  • Physiology of Pregnancy: Urinary

  • duplication of

  • Ureteral Anomalies: Duplication anomalies

  • ectopic orifices of

  • Ureteral Anomalies: Ectopic orifices

  • obstruction of

  • Major Causes of Acute Renal FailureTables
    Acute Renal Failure (ARF): Imaging

  • pain in

  • Approach to the Urologic Patient: History

  • prolapse of

  • Ureteral Anomalies: Ureterocele

  • removal of

  • Renal Pelvic and Ureteral Cancers: Treatment

  • retrocaval

  • Ureteral Anomalies: Retrocaval ureter

  • scoping of

  • Urinary Calculi: Calculus removal

  • stenosis of

  • Ureteral Anomalies: Stenosis

  • trauma to

  • Ureteral Trauma

    Ureterocele

    Ureteral Anomalies: Ureterocele

    Ureteroscopy

    Urinary Calculi: Calculus removal

    Ureterosigmoidostomy

    Metabolic Acidosis: Normal anion gap acidosis

    Urethra

  • abscess of

  • Skene's Duct Cyst

  • anomalies of

  • Penile and Urethral Anomalies

  • cancer of

  • Genitourinary Cancer Staging Tables
    Urethral Cancer

  • dilation of

  • Procedures: Urethral Dilation

  • diverticulum of

  • Urethral Stricture

  • female

  • prolapse of

  • Cystoceles, Urethroceles, Enteroceles, and Rectoceles

  • infection of

  • see Urethritis

  • obstruction of

  • Obstructive Uropathy
    Causes of Obstructive UropathyTables

  • prolapse of

  • Cystoceles, Urethroceles, Enteroceles, and Rectoceles

  • stenosis of

  • Penile and Urethral Anomalies: Urethral meatal stenosis

  • stricture of

  • Procedures: Urethral Dilation
    Urethral Stricture
    Penile and Urethral Anomalies: Urethral stricture

  • trauma to

  • Genital Trauma: Symptoms, Signs, and Diagnosis
    Urethral Trauma

  • valves of

  • Penile and Urethral Anomalies: Urethral valves

    Urethritis

    Bacterial Urinary Tract Infections: Urethritis
    Bacterial Urinary Tract Infections: Urethritis
    Epididymitis: Symptoms and Signs

  • gonococcal

  • Gonorrhea

  • nongonococcal

  • Mycoplasmas
    Chlamydial, Mycoplasmal, and Ureaplasmal Infections

  • reactive arthritis and

  • Seronegative Spondyloarthropathies: Symptoms and Signs

    Urethrocele

    Cystoceles, Urethroceles, Enteroceles, and Rectoceles

    Urge incontinence

    Urinary Incontinence: Types
    Drugs Used to Treat Incontinence Tables
    Urinary Incontinence: Urge incontinence

    Urgency

    Urinary Incontinence: Types

    URI

    see Upper respiratory infection

    Uric acid (urate)

    see also Hyperuricemia

  • crystals of

  • Gout: Pathophysiology
    Microscopic Examination of Crystals in JointsTables
    Types of Urinary CrystalsTables
    Urinary Calculi: Etiology

  • renal deposition of

  • Tubulointerstitial Nephritis: Metabolic Nephropathies

  • in gout

  • Gout: Pathophysiology
    Gout: Serum urate level
    Gout: Lowering the serum urate level

  • normal

  • Gout: Serum urate level

    Uricase

    Gout: Lowering the serum urate level

    Uridine diphosphate galactose 4-epimerase deficiency

    Carbohydrate Metabolism Disorders: Uridine diphosphate galactose 4-epimerase deficiency

    Uridine monophosphate synthase deficiency

    Purine and Pyrimidine Metabolism Disorders: Disorders of Pyrimidine Metabolism

    Urinalysis

    Approach to the Renal Patient: Urinalysis
    Bacterial Urinary Tract Infections: Urine testing

  • in inborn errors of metabolism

  • Approach to the Patient With a Suspected Inherited Disorder of Metabolism: Testing

  • in nephrotic syndrome

  • Nephrotic Syndrome: Diagnosis

  • in postinfectious glomerulonephritis

  • Nephritic Syndrome: Diagnosis

  • in urinary calculi

  • Urinary Calculi: Urinalysis

    Urinary incontinence

    Urinary Incontinence
    Drugs Used to Treat Incontinence Tables

  • in children

  • Urinary Incontinence: Incontinence in Children
    Toileting Problems: Nocturnal Enuresis
    Incontinence in Children
    Some Factors Contributing to Nocturnal EnuresisTables
    Some Organic Causes of Diurnal EnuresisTables
    Drugs Used for Enuresis in Children∗Tables

  • drug interactions with

  • Drug-Disease Interactions in the Elderly Tables
    Drug-Disease Interactions in the ElderlyTables

  • established

  • Urinary Incontinence: Established incontinence
    Causes of Established IncontinenceTables

  • nocturnal

  • Toileting Problems: Nocturnal Enuresis
    Incontinence in Children
    Some Factors Contributing to Nocturnal EnuresisTables
    Drugs Used for Enuresis in Children∗Tables

  • reflex (unconscious)

  • Urinary Incontinence: History

  • refractory

  • Urinary Incontinence: Refractory incontinence

  • transient

  • Urinary Incontinence: Transient incontinence
    Causes of Transient Incontinence Tables

    Urinary retention

    Urinary Retention

  • postoperative

  • Postoperative Care: Other issues

    Urinary tract

    see also Urination
    see also Urine

  • calculi of

  • Urinary Calculi
    Composition of Urinary CalculiTables

  • cancer of

  • Genitourinary Cancer
    Genitourinary Cancer Staging Tables

  • congenital anomalies of

  • Congenital Renal and Genitourinary Anomalies

  • duplication of

  • Renal Anomalies: Duplication anomalies

  • infection of

  • Urinary Tract Infections (UTI)

  • asymptomatic

  • Bacterial Urinary Tract Infections: Asymptomatic bacteriuria

  • bacterial

  • Bacterial Urinary Tract Infections

  • in children

  • Urinary Tract Infection [UTI]
    Grades of Vesicoureteral Reflux*Tables

  • complicated

  • Bacterial Urinary Tract Infections: Pathophysiology

  • cranberry and

  • Cranberry: Claims

  • dysuria and

  • Dysuria
    Some Causes of DysuriaTables

  • in elderly

  • Unusual Presentations of Illness in the elderly

  • fungal

  • Fungal Urinary Tract Infections

  • indwelling catheter and

  • Bacterial Urinary Tract Infections: Bacterial Urinary Tract Infections in Patients with Indwelling Bladder Catheters

  • localization of

  • Bacterial Urinary Tract Infections: Infection localization

  • neonatal

  • Neonatal Sepsis: Urinalysis and culture

  • neurogenic bladder and

  • Neurogenic Bladder: Symptoms and Signs

  • nitrofurantoin in

  • Nitrofurantoin: Indications

  • pregnancy and

  • Bacterial Urinary Tract Infections: Prevention
    Some Causes of Pelvic Pain During Early PregnancyTables
    Some Causes of Nausea and Vomiting During Early PregnancyTables
    Urinary Tract Infection in Pregnancy

  • prevention of

  • Bacterial Urinary Tract Infections: Prevention

  • TMP-SMX in

  • Some Indications for TMP/SMXTables

  • transient incontinence and

  • Urinary Incontinence: Transient incontinence

  • uncomplicated

  • Bacterial Urinary Tract Infections: Pathophysiology

  • urine testing for

  • Bacterial Urinary Tract Infections: Urine testing

  • obstruction of

  • Obstructive Uropathy
    Causes of Obstructive UropathyTables

    Urination

    Voiding Disorders
    Normal micturition occurs when bladder contraction is coordinated with urethral sphincter relaxation.Figures

  • in benign prostatic hyperplasia

  • American Urological Association Symptom Score for Benign Prostatic HyperplasiaTables
    Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH): Symptoms and Signs

  • frequency of

  • Urinary Frequency
    Some Causes of Urinary FrequencyTables

  • incontinence and

  • see Urinary incontinence

  • by neonate

  • Evaluation and Care of the Normal Neonate: Routine care and observation

  • pain with

  • Dysuria
    Some Causes of DysuriaTables

  • postpartum

  • Postpartum Care: Bladder and bowel function

  • training for

  • Urinary Incontinence: General measures
    Toilet Training

    Urine

  • acidification of

  • Excretion: Renal excretion

  • air in

  • Approach to the Urologic Patient: History
    Bacterial Urinary Tract Infections: Symptoms and Signs

  • albumin in

  • Approach to the Renal Patient: Urinalysis
    Approach to the Renal Patient: Other urine tests
    Nephrotic Syndrome: Pathophysiology
    Nephrotic Syndrome: Symptoms, Signs, and Diagnosis

  • alkalinization of

  • Gout: Other treatments
    Urinary Calculi: Calculus dissolution
    Acute Renal Failure (ARF): Prevention
    Tubulointerstitial Nephritis: Treatment
    Cystinuria: Treatment
    Excretion: Renal excretion

  • amino acids in

  • Approach to the Renal Patient: Other urine tests

  • δ-aminolevulinic acid

  • Acute Porphyrias: Diagnosis

  • bilirubin in

  • Laboratory Tests: Bilirubin

  • blood in

  • see also Hematuria
    Approach to the Renal Patient: History
    Approach to the Renal Patient: Urinalysis
    Isolated Hematuria
    Some Common Specific Causes of HematuriaTables

  • casts in

  • Approach to the Renal Patient: Microscopic analysis
    Urinary CastsTables
    Bacterial Urinary Tract Infections: Urine testing

  • cells in

  • Approach to the Renal Patient: Microscopic analysis
    Isolated Hematuria: Testing
    Acute Renal Failure (ARF): Cause

  • collection of

  • Approach to the Renal Patient: Testing
    Procedures: Bladder Catheterization
    Bacterial Urinary Tract Infections: Urine collection

  • in children

  • Urinary Tract Infection [UTI]: Urine tests

  • color of

  • Porphyrias: Pathophysiology
    Acute Porphyrias: Acute attack
    Approach to the Renal Patient: Urinalysis
    Causes Of Urine Color ChangesTables

  • inborn errors of metabolism and

  • Approach to the Patient With a Suspected Inherited Disorder of Metabolism: History and physical examination

  • concentration of

  • Tubulointerstitial Diseases: Pathophysiology

  • continent cutaneous diversion of

  • Bladder Cancer: Invasive cancers

  • crystals in

  • Approach to the Renal Patient: Microscopic analysis
    Types of Urinary CrystalsTables
    Drugs That Cause Crystal FormationTables

  • culture of

  • Approach to the Renal Patient: Other urine tests
    Bacterial Urinary Tract Infections: Urine testing

  • cytologic analysis of

  • Approach to the Renal Patient: Other urine tests
    Bacterial Urinary Tract Infections: Urine testing
    Acute Renal Failure (ARF): Cause

  • dark

  • Jaundice: History

  • electrolytes in

  • Approach to the Renal Patient: Other urine tests

  • eosinophils in

  • Approach to the Renal Patient: Other urine tests
    Tubulointerstitial Nephritis: ATIN

  • epithelial cells in

  • Approach to the Renal Patient: Microscopic analysis

  • examination of

  • see Urinalysis

  • glucose in

  • Approach to the Renal Patient: Urinalysis
    Renal Glucosuria

  • involuntary loss of

  • see Urinary incontinence

  • ketones in

  • Approach to the Renal Patient: Other urine tests

  • microscopic analysis of

  • Approach to the Renal Patient: Microscopic analysis
    Types of Urinary CrystalsTables
    Drugs That Cause Crystal FormationTables

  • microscopic analysis of<Italic>Urine

  • microscopicanalysisof]

  • Urinary CastsTables

  • neonatal

  • Evaluation and Care of the Normal Neonate: Routine care and observation

  • odor of

  • Approach to the Renal Patient: Urinalysis

  • inborn errors of metabolism and

  • Approach to the Patient With a Suspected Inherited Disorder of Metabolism: History and physical examination

  • osmolality of

  • Central Diabetes Insipidus: Diagnosis
    Approach to the Renal Patient: Urinalysis
    Approach to the Renal Patient: Other urine tests
    Laboratory Findings Distinguishing Acute Tubular Necrosis From Prerenal AzotemiaTables
    Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus: Diagnosis

  • output of

  • decreased

  • Oliguria
    Some Causes of OliguriaTables

  • high (polyuria)

  • Polyuria
    Some Causes of PolyuriaTables

  • renal failure and

  • Acute Renal Failure (ARF): Urine output

  • in shock

  • Intravenous Fluid Resuscitation: End point and Monitoring

  • peak flow rate of

  • Urinary Incontinence: Testing

  • pH of

  • Approach to the Renal Patient: Urinalysis
    Urinary Calculi: Etiology

  • protein in

  • see also Proteinuria
    Approach to the Renal Patient: Urinalysis
    Approach to the Renal Patient: Other urine tests
    Proteinuria
    Causes of ProteinuriaTables

  • excretion of

  • Approach to the Renal Patient: Other urine tests

  • pseudocasts in

  • Urinary CastsTables

  • red blood cells in

  • Approach to the Renal Patient: Microscopic analysis
    Isolated Hematuria: Testing

  • retention of

  • Urinary Retention
    Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH): Symptoms and Signs

  • postoperative

  • Postoperative Care: Other issues

  • sediment of

  • Approach to the Renal Patient: Microscopic analysis
    Urinary CastsTables

  • semen in

  • Sperm Disorders: Diagnosis

  • sodium in

  • Oliguria: Testing
    Approach to the Renal Patient: Other urine tests
    Urinary Diagnostic Indices in Prerenal Azotemia and Acute Tubular InjuryTables
    Laboratory Findings Distinguishing Acute Tubular Necrosis From Prerenal AzotemiaTables

  • in ascites

  • Ascites: Pathophysiology

  • specific gravity of

  • Approach to the Renal Patient: Urinalysis

  • unsterile

  • Bacterial Urinary Tract Infections: Asymptomatic bacteruria

  • vesicoureteral reflux of

  • Neurogenic Bladder: Symptoms and Signs
    Bacterial Urinary Tract Infections: Pathophysiology
    Tubulointerstitial Nephritis: Reflux Nephropathy

  • volume of

  • excessive

  • Polyuria
    Some Causes of PolyuriaTables

  • obstructive uropathy and

  • Obstructive Uropathy: Symptoms and Signs

  • residual

  • Urinary Incontinence: Testing
    Urinary Retention
    Acute Renal Failure (ARF): Cause

  • white blood cells in

  • Approach to the Renal Patient: Microscopic analysis

    Urinothorax

    Causes of Pleural Effusion Tables

    Urobilinogen

    Approach to the Renal Patient: Urinalysis

    Urocortin

    Pathways Regulating Food IntakeSidebars

    Urodynamic testing

    Urinary Incontinence: Testing
    Neurogenic Bladder: Diagnosis

    Urogenital sinus

    Vaginal Anomalies

    Urography

  • anterograde

  • Imaging Tests: Percutaneous anterograde urography

  • computed tomography

  • Computed Tomography: CT IV pyelography (CT IVP) or urography

  • intravenous

  • Imaging Tests: IVU (IV urography or pyelography)
    Obstructive Uropathy: Evaluation of ureteral or more proximal obstruction

  • retrograde

  • Imaging Tests: Retrograde urography

    Urokinase

    Hemostasis: Fibrinolysis

  • in pulmonary embolism

  • Pulmonary Embolism (PE): Clot elimination

    Urolithiasis

    Gout: Chronic gout
    Urinary Calculi

    Uropathy

  • obstructive

  • Obstructive Uropathy
    Causes of Obstructive UropathyTables

    Uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase deficiency

    Substrates and Enzymes of the Heme Biosynthetic Pathway and the Diseases Associated With Their DeficiencyTables
    Some Less Common PorphyriasTables
    Cutaneous Porphyrias: Porphyria Cutanea Tarda

    Uroporphyrinogen III cosynthase deficiency

    Substrates and Enzymes of the Heme Biosynthetic Pathway and the Diseases Associated With Their DeficiencyTables
    Some Less Common PorphyriasTables

    Ursodeoxycholic acid

  • in cholesterol gallstones

  • Cholelithiasis: Stone dissolution

  • in primary biliary cirrhosis

  • Cirrhosis: Treatment

    Urticaria

    Description of Skin Lesions: Primary Morphology
    Description of Skin Lesions: Other Clinical Signs
    Some Causes of ItchingTables
    Urticaria
    Some Causes of UrticariaTables
    Putative Autommune DisordersTables
    Angioedema

  • drug-induced

  • Types of Drug Reactions and Typical Causative AgentsTables

  • solar

  • Photosensitivity: Solar urticaria

    Urticaria pigmentosa

    Some Causes of UrticariaTables
    Mastocytosis: Cutaneous mastocytosis

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