Buy the Book PDA Download

Update Me E-mail alerts The Merck Manual Minute

Print This Topic

This information has been developed and provided by an independent third-party source. Merck & Co., Inc. does not endorse and is not responsible for the accuracy of the content, or for practices or standards of non-Merck sources.

Medication Safety Issues

Sound-alike/look-alike issues:

Rifadin® may be confused with Rifater®, Ritalin®

Rifampin may be confused with rifabutin, Rifamate®, rifapentine, rifaximin

Pronunciation

(rif AM pin)

U.S. Brand Names

• Rifadin®

Index Terms

• Rifampicin

Generic Available

Yes

Canadian Brand Names

• Rifadin®
• Rofact™

Pharmacologic Category

• Antibiotic, Miscellaneous
• Antitubercular Agent

Pharmacologic Category Synonyms

• Tuberculosis Treatment Agent

Use

Management of active tuberculosis in combination with other agents; elimination of meningococci from the nasopharynx in asymptomatic carriers

Use: Unlabeled/Investigational

Prophylaxis of Haemophilus influenzae type b infection; Legionella pneumonia; used in combination with other anti-infectives in the treatment of staphylococcal infections; treatment of M. leprae infections

Pregnancy Risk Factor

C

Pregnancy Implications

Teratogenic effects have bee reported in animal studies. Rifampin crosses the human placenta. Due to the risk of tuberculosis to the fetus, treatment is recommended when the probability of maternal disease is moderate to high. Postnatal hemorrhages have been reported in the infant and mother with isoniazid administration during the last few weeks of pregnancy.

Lactation

Enters breast milk/not recommended (AAP rates “compatible”)

Contraindications

Hypersensitivity to rifampin, any rifamycins, or any component of the formulation; concurrent use of amprenavir, saquinavir/ritonavir (possibly other protease inhibitors)

Warnings/Precautions

Concerns related to adverse effects:

• Flu-like syndrome: Regimens of >600 mg once or twice weekly have been associated with a high incidence of adverse reactions including a flu-like syndrome.

• Hematologic effects: May cause thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, or anemia with regimens >600 mg once or twice weekly.

• Hyperbilirubinemia: Discontinue therapy if this occurs in conjunction with clinical symptoms or any signs of significant hepatocellular damage develop.

• Hypersensitivity: Hypersensitivity reactions have occurred in patients taking >600 mg once or twice weekly.

• Superinfection: Prolonged use may result in fungal or bacterial superinfection, including C. difficile-associated diarrhea (CDAD) and pseudomembranous colitis; CDAD has been observed >2 months postantibiotic treatment.

Disease-related concerns:

• Alcoholism: Use with caution in patients with a history of alcoholism (even if ethanol consumption is discontinued during therapy).

• Hepatic impairment: Use with caution in patients with liver impairment; dosage modification recommended.

• Meningococcal disease: Do not use for meningococcal disease, only for short-term treatment of asymptomatic carrier states.

• Porphyria: Use with caution in patients with porphyria; exacerbations have been reported due to enzyme-inducing properties.

Concurrent drug therapy issues:

• Medications associated with hepatotoxicity: Use with caution in patients receiving concurrent medications associated with hepatotoxicity.

Other warnings/precautions:

• Appropriate administration: Do not administer I.V. form via I.M. or SubQ routes; restart infusion at another site if extravasation occurs.

• Compliance: Monitor for compliance in patients on intermittent therapy.

• Contact lenses: Remove soft contact lenses during therapy since permanent staining may occur.

• Red/orange discoloration: Urine, feces, saliva, sweat, tears, and CSF may be discolored to red/orange.

Adverse Reactions

Frequency not defined:

Cardiovascular: Edema, flushing

Central nervous system: Ataxia, behavioral changes, concentration impaired, confusion, dizziness, drowsiness, fatigue, fever, headache, numbness, psychosis

Dermatologic: Pemphigoid reaction, pruritus, urticaria

Endocrine & metabolic: Adrenal insufficiency, menstrual disorders

Hematologic: Agranulocytosis (rare), DIC, eosinophilia, hemoglobin decreased, hemolysis, hemolytic anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia (especially with high-dose therapy)

Hepatic: Hepatitis (rare), jaundice

Neuromuscular & skeletal: Myalgia, osteomalacia, weakness

Ocular: Exudative conjunctivitis, visual changes

Renal: Acute renal failure, BUN increased, hemoglobinuria, hematuria, interstitial nephritis, uric acid increased

Miscellaneous: Flu-like syndrome

1% to 10%:

Dermatologic: Rash (1% to 5%)

Gastrointestinal (1% to 2%): Anorexia, cramps, diarrhea, epigastric distress, flatulence, heartburn, nausea, pseudomembranous colitis, pancreatitis vomiting

Hepatic: LFTs increased (up to 14%)

Drug Interactions

Induces CYP1A2 (strong), 2A6 (strong), 2B6 (strong), 2C8 (strong), 2C9 (strong), 2C19 (strong), 3A4 (strong)

Acetaminophen: Rifampin may increase the metabolism of acetaminophen.

Alfentanil: Rifamycin derivatives may increase the metabolism, via CYP isoenzymes, of alfentanil.

Amiodarone: Rifamycin derivatives may increase the metabolism, via CYP isoenzymes, of amiodarone

Angiotensin II receptor blockers (irbesartan, losartan): Rifamycin derivatives may increase the metabolism, via CYP isoenzymes, of angiotensin II receptor blockers.

Antiemetics (5-HT₃ antagonists): Rifamycin derivatives may increase the metabolism, via CYP isoenzymes, of antiemetics (5-HT₃ antagonists).

Antifungal Agents (imidazole): Rifamycin derivatives may increase the metabolism, via CYP isoenzymes, of antifungal agents (imidazole). The specific combination of voriconazole with rifampin is contraindicated.

Aprepitant: Rifamycin derivatives may increase the metabolism, via CYP isoenzymes, of aprepitant.

Barbiturates: Rifamycin derivatives may increase the metabolism, via CYP isoenzymes, of barbiturates.

Benzodiazepines (metabolized by oxidation): Rifamycin derivatives may increase the metabolism, via CYP isoenzymes, of benzodiazepines (metabolized by oxidation).

Beta-blockers: Rifamycin derivatives may increase the metabolism, via CYP isoenzymes, of beta-blockers.

Buspirone: Rifamycin derivatives may increase the metabolism, via CYP isoenzymes, of buspirone.

Calcium channel blockers: Rifamycin derivatives may increase the metabolism, via CYP isoenzymes, of calcium channel blockers.

Chloramphenicol: Rifampin may increase the metabolism, via CYP isoenzymes, of chloramphenicol.

Clopidogrel: Rifamycin derivatives may enhance the therapeutic effect of Clopidogrel.

Corticosteroids (systemic): Rifamycin derivatives may increase the metabolism, via CYP isoenzymes, of corticosteroids (systemic).

Cyclosporine: Rifamycin derivatives may increase the metabolism, via CYP isoenzymes, of cyclosporine.

CYP1A2 substrates: Rifampin may decrease the levels/effects of CYP1A2 substrates. Example substrates include aminophylline, estrogens, fluvoxamine, mirtazapine, ropinirole, and theophylline.

CYP2A6 substrates: Rifampin may decrease the levels/effects of CYP2A6 substrates (eg, ifosfamide).

CYP2B6 substrates: Rifampin may decrease the levels/effects of CYP2B6 substrates. Example substrates include bupropion, efavirenz, promethazine, selegiline, and sertraline.

CYP2C8 substrates: Rifampin may decrease the levels/effects of CYP2C8 substrates. Example substrates include amiodarone, paclitaxel, pioglitazone, repaglinide, and rosiglitazone.

CYP2C9 substrates: Rifampin may decrease the levels/effects of CYP2C9 substrates. Example substrates include bosentan, celecoxib, dapsone, fluoxetine, glimepiride, glipizide, losartan, montelukast, nateglinide, paclitaxel, phenytoin, sulfonamides, trimethoprim, warfarin, and zafirlukast.

CYP2C19 substrates: Rifampin may decrease the levels/effects of CYP2C19 substrates. Example substrates include citalopram, diazepam, methsuximide, phenytoin, propranolol, proton pump inhibitors, sertraline, and voriconazole.

CYP3A4 substrates: Rifampin may decrease the levels/effects of CYP3A4 substrates. Example substrates include benzodiazepines, calcium channel blockers, clarithromycin, cyclosporine, erythromycin, estrogens, mirtazapine, nateglinide, nefazodone, nevirapine, protease inhibitors, tacrolimus, and venlafaxine.

Dapsone: Rifamycin derivatives may increase the metabolism, via CYP isoenzymes, of dapsone.

Disopyramide: Rifamycin derivatives may increase the metabolism, via CYP isoenzymes, of disopyramide.

Estrogens (oral contraceptives): Rifamycin derivatives may decrease the serum concentration of oral contraceptive (estrogens); contraceptive failure is possible.

Fexofenadine: Rifampin may decrease the serum concentration of fexofenadine.

Fluconazole: Rifamycin derivatives may increase the metabolism, via CYP isoenzymes, of fluconazole.

Fusidic Acid: Rifampin may decrease the excretion of fusidic acid.

Gefitinib: Rifamycin derivatives may increase the metabolism, via CYP isoenzymes, of gefitinib.

HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors: Rifamycin derivatives may increase the metabolism, via CYP isoenzymes, of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors.

Isoniazid: Rifamycin derivatives may enhance the hepatotoxic effect of isoniazid; however, this is a frequently employed combination regimen.

Macrolide antibiotics: Macrolide antibiotics may decrease the metabolism, via CYP isoenzymes, of rifamycin derivatives.

Methadone: Rifamycin derivatives may increase the metabolism, via CYP isoenzymes, of methadone.

Morphine: Rifamycin derivatives may decrease the serum concentration of morphine sulfate.

Phenytoin: Rifamycin derivatives may increase the metabolism, via CYP isoenzymes, of phenytoin.

Progestins (contraceptives): Rifamycin derivatives may decrease the serum concentration of contraceptive (progestins); contraceptive failure is possible.

Propafenone: Rifamycin derivatives may increase the metabolism, via CYP isoenzymes, of propafenone.

Protease inhibitors: Rifamycin derivatives may increase the metabolism, via CYP isoenzymes, of protease inhibitors. Concurrent use with saquinavir/ritonavir increases risk of hepatotoxicity. Rifampin administration should be avoided.

Pyrazinamide: Pyrazinamide may enhance the hepatotoxic effect of rifampin.

Quinidine: Rifamycin derivatives may increase the metabolism, via CYP isoenzymes, of quinidine.

Repaglinide: Rifamycin derivatives may increase the metabolism, via CYP isoenzymes, of repaglinide.

Reverse transcriptase inhibitors (non-nucleoside): Rifamycin derivatives may increase the metabolism, via CYP isoenzymes, of reverse transcriptase inhibitors (non-nucleoside).

Sulfonylureas: Rifampin may increase the metabolism, via CYP isoenzymes, of sulfonylureas.

Tacrolimus: Rifamycin derivatives may increase the metabolism, via CYP isoenzymes, of tacrolimus.

Tamoxifen: Rifamycin derivatives may increase the metabolism, via CYP isoenzymes, of tamoxifen.

Terbinafine: Rifamycin derivatives may increase the metabolism of terbinafine.

Tocainide: Rifamycin derivatives may increase the metabolism, via CYP isoenzymes, of tocainide.

Tricyclic antidepressants: Rifamycin derivatives may increase the metabolism, via CYP isoenzymes, of tricyclic antidepressants.

Voriconazole: Rifampin increases the metabolism of voriconazole, likely reducing voriconazole concentrations enough to interfere with voriconazole effectiveness. The combination of voriconazole with rifampin is contraindicated.

Warfarin: Rifamycin derivatives may increase the metabolism, via CYP isoenzymes, of warfarin.

Zaleplon: Rifamycin derivatives may increase the metabolism, via CYP isoenzymes, of zaleplon.

Zidovudine: Rifamycin derivatives may increase the metabolism, via CYP isoenzymes, of zidovudine.

Zolpidem: Rifamycin derivatives may increase the metabolism, via CYP isoenzymes, of zolpidem.

Ethanol/Nutrition/Herb Interactions

Ethanol: Avoid ethanol (may increase risk of hepatotoxicity).

Food: Food decreases the extent of absorption; rifampin concentrations may be decreased if taken with food.

Herb/Nutraceutical: St John's wort may decrease rifampin levels.

Storage

Rifampin powder is reddish brown. Intact vials should be stored at room temperature and protected from excessive heat and light. Reconstituted vials are stable for 24 hours at room temperature.

Stability of parenteral admixture at room temperature (25°C) is 4 hours for D₅W and 24 hours for NS.

Reconstitution

Reconstitute powder for injection with SWFI. Prior to injection, dilute in appropriate volume of compatible diluent (eg, 100 mL D₅W).

Compatibility

Variable stability (consult detailed reference) in D₅W, NS.

Y-site administration: Incompatible: Diltiazem.

Compatibility when admixed: Incompatible: Minocycline.

Mechanism of Action

Inhibits bacterial RNA synthesis by binding to the beta subunit of DNA-dependent RNA polymerase, blocking RNA transcription

Pharmacodynamics/Kinetics

Duration: ?24 hours

Absorption: Oral: Well absorbed; food may delay or slightly reduce peak

Distribution: Highly lipophilic; crosses blood-brain barrier well

Relative diffusion from blood into CSF: Adequate with or without inflammation (exceeds usual MICs)

CSF:blood level ratio: Inflamed meninges: 25%

Protein binding: 80%

Metabolism: Hepatic; undergoes enterohepatic recirculation

Half-life elimination: 3-4 hours; prolonged with hepatic impairment; End-stage renal disease: 1.8-11 hours

Time to peak, serum: Oral: 2-4 hours

Excretion: Feces (60% to 65%) and urine (?30%) as unchanged drug

Dosage

Usual dosage ranges: Oral, I.V.:

Infants & Children: 10-20 mg/kg/day as a single dose or in 2 divided doses; maximum: 600 mg/day

Adults: 600 mg once or twice daily

Indication-specific dosing: Oral, I.V.:

H. influenzae prophylaxis (unlabeled use):

Infants and Children: 20 mg/kg/day every 24 hours for 4 days, not to exceed 600 mg/dose

Adults: 600 mg every 24 hours for 4 days

Leprosy (unlabeled use): Adults:

Multibacillary: 600 mg once monthly for 24 months in combination with ofloxacin and minocycline

Paucibacillary: 600 mg once monthly for 6 months in combination with dapsone

Single lesion: 600 mg as a single dose in combination with ofloxacin 400 mg and minocycline 100 mg

Meningitis (Pneumococcus or Staphylococcus) (unlabeled use): Recommended only for organisms known to be rifampin-susceptible and highly penicillin- or cephalosporin-resistant. May be used in place of or in addition to vancomycin when dexamethasone therapy employed.

Infants and Children: 20 mg/kg/day as a single dose or in 2 divided doses; maximum: 600 mg/day

Adults: 600 mg once daily

Meningococcal meningitis prophylaxis (unlabeled use):

Infants <1 month: 10 mg/kg/day in divided doses every 12 hours for 2 days

Infants ?1 month and Children: 20 mg/kg/day in divided doses every 12 hours for 2 days (maximum: 600 mg/dose)

Adults: 600 mg every 12 hours for 2 days

Nasal carriers of Staphylococcus aureus (unlabeled use):

Children: 15 mg/kg/day divided every 12 hours for 5-10 days in combination with other antibiotics

Adults: 600 mg/day for 5-10 days in combination with other antibiotics

Nontuberculous mycobacterium ( M. kansasii ) (unlabeled use): Adults: 10 mg/kg/day (maximum: 600 mg/day) for duration to include 12 months of culture-negative sputum; typically used in combination with ethambutol and isoniazid

Synergy for Staphylococcus aureus infections (unlabeled use): Adults: 300-600 mg twice daily with other antibiotics

Tuberculosis, active: Note: A four-drug regimen (isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol) is preferred for the initial, empiric treatment of TB. When the drug susceptibility results are available, the regimen should be altered as appropriate.

Infants and Children <12 years:

Daily therapy: 10-20 mg/kg/day usually as a single dose (maximum: 600 mg/day)

Twice weekly directly observed therapy (DOT): 10-20 mg/kg (maximum: 600 mg)

Adults:

Daily therapy: 10 mg/kg/day (maximum: 600 mg/day)

Twice weekly directly observed therapy (DOT): 10 mg/kg (maximum: 600 mg); 3 times/week: 10 mg/kg (maximum: 600 mg)

Tuberculosis, latent infection (LTBI): As an alternative to isoniazid:

Children: 10-20 mg/kg/day (maximum: 600 mg/day) for 6 months

Adults: 10 mg/kg/day (maximum: 600 mg/day) for 4 months. Note: Combination with pyrazinamide should not generally be offered (MMWR, Aug 8, 2003).

Dosing adjustment in hepatic impairment: Dose reductions may be necessary to reduce hepatotoxicity

Hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis: Plasma rifampin concentrations are not significantly affected by hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis.

Administration: Oral

Administer on an empty stomach with a glass of water (ie, 1 hour prior to, or 2 hours after meals or antacids) to increase total absorption (food may delay and reduce the amount of rifampin absorbed). The compounded oral suspension must be shaken well before using. May mix contents of capsule with applesauce or jelly.

Administration: I.M.

Do not administer I.M. or SubQ

Administration: I.V.

Administer I.V. preparation once daily by slow I.V. infusion over 30 minutes to 3 hours at a final concentration not to exceed 6 mg/mL.

Administration: I.V. Detail

Avoid extravasation.

pH: 7.8-8.8

Monitoring Parameters

Periodic (baseline and every 2-4 weeks during therapy) monitoring of liver function (AST, ALT, bilirubin), CBC; hepatic status and mental status, sputum culture, chest x-ray 2-3 months into treatment

Test Interactions

Positive Coombs' reaction [direct], rifampin inhibits standard assay's ability to measure serum folate and B₁₂; transient increase in LFTs and decreased biliary excretion of contrast media

Dietary Considerations

Rifampin should be taken on an empty stomach.

Patient Education

Do not take any new medication during therapy without consulting prescriber. Rifampin may be prescribed in conjunction with another medication; maintain dosing schedule of both drugs as directed. Take rifampin on an empty stomach, 1 hour before or 2 hours after meals. It is extremely important that you complete full course of therapy and do not skip doses. Keep appointments for scheduled laboratory tests and chest x-rays. This medication will discolor urine, stool, saliva, tears, sweat, and other body fluid a red-brown color. Stains on contact lenses and clothing are permanent. Report persistent vomiting or diarrhea; rash; fever, chills, or flu-like symptoms; unusual bruising or bleeding; or other persistent adverse effects. Pregnancy precaution: Inform prescriber if you are or intend to become pregnant. This drug may interfere with effectiveness of oral/systemic contraceptives; consult prescriber for alternative contraceptive measures.

Geriatric Considerations

Rifampin, in combination with isoniazid, is the foundation of tuberculosis treatment. Since most older patients acquired their Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection before effective chemotherapy was available, either a 9-month regimen of isoniazid and rifampin or a 6-month regimen of isoniazid and rifampin with pyrazinamide (the first 2 months) should be effective.

Anesthesia and Critical Care Concerns/Other Considerations

Rifampin causes body secretions to turn orange and may stain contact lenses.

Dental Health: Effects on Dental Treatment

No significant effects or complications reported

Dental Health: Vasoconstrictor/Local Anesthetic Precautions

No information available to require special precautions

Mental Health: Effects on Mental Status

May cause drowsiness, dizziness, confusion, behavioral changes, or ataxia; report of cognitive disturbances, delusions, and hallucinations

Mental Health: Effects on Psychiatric Treatment

May cause leukopenia; use caution with clozapine and carbamazepine; rifampin is a potent hepatic enzyme inducer; monitor for altered clinical effects when used concurrently with psychotropics

Nursing: Physical Assessment/Monitoring

Assess potential for interactions with other pharmacological agents patient may be taking (eg, concurrent use with rifampin may decrease levels/effects of multiple other drugs, including some oral contraceptives, anticoagulants, hypoglycemics, and beta-blockers). See Administration for infusion specifics; infusion site must be monitored to prevent extravasation. Assess results of periodic laboratory tests and chest x-ray, therapeutic effectiveness, and adverse reactions (eg, hypersensitivity reactions, hepatotoxicity, CNS changes, hematologic changes, visual disturbances, and gastrointestinal upset) on a regular basis during therapy. Monitor patient compliance with treatment regimen. Teach patient proper use, possible side effects/appropriate interventions, and adverse symptoms to report.

Dosage Forms

Excipient information presented when available (limited, particularly for generics); consult specific product labeling.

Capsule: 150 mg, 300 mg

Injection, powder for reconstitution: 600 mg

Pricing: U.S. (www.drugstore.com)

Capsules (Rifadin)

150 mg (60): $136.70

Capsules (Rifampin)

300 mg (30): $59.99

Extemporaneously Prepared

For pediatric and adult patients with difficulty swallowing or where lower doses are needed, the package insert lists an extemporaneous liquid suspension as follows:

Rifampin 1% w/v suspension (10 mg/mL) can be compounded using one of four syrups (Syrup NF, simple syrup, Syrpalta® syrup, or raspberry syrup)

Empty contents of four 300 mg capsules or eight 150 mg capsules onto a piece of weighing paper

If necessary, crush contents to produce a fine powder

Transfer powder blend to a 4 oz amber glass or plastic prescription bottle

Rinse paper and spatula with 20 mL of syrup and add the rinse to bottle; shake vigorously

Add 100 mL of syrup to the bottle and shake vigorously

This compounding procedure results in a 1% w/v suspension containing 10 mg rifampin/mL; stability studies indicate suspension is stable at room temperature (25°C ± 3°C) or in refrigerator (2°C to 8°C) for 4 weeks; shake well prior to administration

References

Acocella G, “Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Rifampicin,“ Clin Pharmacokinet, 1978, 3(2):108-27.

Advenier C, Gobert C, Houin G, et al, “Pharmacokinetic Studies of Rifampicin in the Elderly,” Ther Drug Monit, 1983, 5(1):61-5.

American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Infectious Diseases, “Chemotherapy for Tuberculosis in Infants and Children,” Pediatrics, 1992, 89(1):161-5.

American Academy of Pediatrics, “Pediatric Infections,“ Red Book®: 2006 Report of the Committee on Infectious Diseases, 27th ed, Pickering LK, ed, Elk Grove Village, IL: American Academy of Pediatrics, 2006, 530.

American Thoracic Society, “Targeted Tuberculin Testing and Treatment of Latent Tuberculosis Infection,” MMWR Recomm Rep, 2000, 49(RR-6):1-51.

Askgaard DS, Wilcke T, and Dossing M, “Hepatotoxicity Caused by the Combined Action of Isoniazid and Rifampin,” Thorax, 1995, 50(2):213-4.

Bass JB Jr, Farer LS, Hopewell PC, et al, “Treatment of Tuberculosis and Tuberculosis Infection in Adults and Children,” Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 1994, 149(5):1359-74.

Blumberg HM, Burman WJ, Chaisson RE, et al, “American Thoracic Society/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/Infectious Diseases Society of America: Treatment of Tuberculosis,” Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2003, 167(4):603-62.

Borcherding SM, Baciewicz AM, and Self TH, “Update on Rifampin Drug Interactions. II,” Arch Intern Med, 1992, 152(4):711-6.

Centers for Disease Control, “Update: Adverse Event Data and Revised American Thoracic Society/CDC Recommendations Against the Use of Rifampin and Pyrazinamide for Treatment of Latent Tuberculosis Infection - United States, 2003,” MMWR, 52(31);735-9. Available at http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5231a4.htm. Last accessed February 16, 2005.

Davidson PT and Le HQ, “Drug Treatment of Tuberculosis - 1992,” Drugs, 1992, 43(5):651-73.

De Vriese AS, Robbrecht DL, Vanholder RC, et al, “Rifampicin-Associated Acute Renal Failure: Pathophysiologic, Immunologic, and Clinical Features,” Am J Kidney Dis, 1998, 31(1):108-15.

“Drugs for Tuberculosis,” Med Lett Drugs Ther, 1993, 35(908):99-101.

Furlan V, Perello L, Jacquemin E, et al, “Interactions Between FK506 and Rifampicin or Erythromycin in Pediatric Liver Recipients,” Transplantation, 1995, 59(8):1217-8.

Griffith DE, Aksamit T, Brown-Elliott BA, et al, “An Official ATS/IDSA Statement: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention of Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Diseases,” Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2007, 175(4):367-416.

Havlir DV and Barnes PF, “Tuberculosis in Patients With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection,” N Engl J Med, 1999, 340(5):367-73.

Herrera Trevilla P, Ortiz Jimenez E, Tena T, et al, “Presence of Rifampicin in Urine Causes Cross-Reactivity With Opiates Using the KIMS Method,” J Anal Toxicol, 1995, 19(3):200.

Holdiness MR, “A Review of the Redman Syndrome and Rifampicin Overdose,” Med Toxicol Adverse Drug Exp, 1989, 4(6):444-51.

Iseman MD, “Treatment of Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis,” N Engl J Med, 1993, 329(11):784-91.

Kindelan JM, Serrano I, Jurado R, et al, “Rifampin-Induced Severe Thrombocytopenia in a Patient With Pulmonary Tuberculosis,” Ann Pharmacother, 1994, 28(11):1304-5.

Lundstrom TS and Sobel JD, “Vancomycin, Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole, and Rifampin,” Infect Dis Clin North Am, 1995, 9(3):747-67.

Nahata MC, Morosco RS, and Hipple TF, “Effect of Preparation Method and Storage on Rifampin Concentration in Suspensions,” Ann Pharmacother, 1994, 28(2):182-5.

Noble A, “Antituberculous Therapy and Acute Liver Failure,” Lancet, 1995, 345(8953):867.

Orisakwe OE, Dioka CE, Orish CN, et al, “Charcoal and Rifampicin Pharmacokinetics,” Am J Therapeut, 1995, 68-70.

Plomp TA, Battista HJ, Unterdorfer H, et al, “A Case of Fatal Poisoning by Rifampicin,” Arch Toxicol, 1981, 48(4):245-52.

“Prevention and Treatment of Tuberculosis Among Patients Infected With Human Immunodeficiency Virus: Principles of Therapy and Revised Recommendations. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,” MMWR Recomm Rep, 1998, 47(RR-20):1-58.

Starke JR, “Modern Approach to the Diagnosis and Treatment of Tuberculosis in Children,” Pediatr Clin North Am, 1988, 35(3):441-64.

Starke JR, “Multidrug Therapy for Tuberculosis in Children,” Pediatr Infect Dis J, 1990, 9(11):785-93.

“Treatment of Latent Tuberculosis Infection (LTBI), Last Updated: April 8, 2004,” available at http://www.cdc.gov/nchstp/tb/pubs/tbfactsheets/250110.htm. Last accessed February 16, 2005.

Tunkel AR, Hartman BJ, Kaplan SL, et al, “Practice Guidelines for the Management of Bacterial Meningitis,” Clin Infect Dis, 2004, 39(9):1267-84.

Van Scoy RE and Wilkowske CJ, “Antituberculosis Agents,” Mayo Clin Proc, 1992, 67(2):179-87.

Vesely JJ, Pien FD, and Pien BC, “Rifampin, a Useful Drug for Nonmycobacterial Infections,” Pharmacotherapy, 1998, 18(2):345-57.

Walker-Renard P, “Pruritus Associated With Intravenous Rifampin,” Ann Pharmacother, 1995, 29(3):267-8.

Wong P, Bottoroff MB, Heritage RW, et al, “Acute Rifampin Overdose: A Pharmacokinetic Study and Review of the Literature,” J Pediatr, 1984, 104(5):781-3.

Yoshikawa TT, “Tuberculosis in Aging Adults,” J Am Geriatr Soc, 1992, 40(2):178-87.

International Brand Names

• Arficin (HR)
• Diabacil (ES)
• Dinoldin (ES)
• Eremfat (DE)
• Fenampicin (ES)
• Fimizina (ES)
• Manorifcin (TH)
• Medifam (PH)
• Oxitrin (PY)
• Prolung (ID)
• Ramicin (ID)
• Rifabiotic (ID)
• Rifacilin (IN)
• Rifadin (AE, AR, AU, BF, BH, BJ, CI, CY, CZ, EG, ET, GB, GH, GM, GN, GR, HK, IE, IL, IQ, IR, IT, JO, KE, KW, LB, LR, LY, MA, ML, MR, MU, MW, MX, NE, NG, NL, OM, PH, PK, PT, QA, SA, SC, SD, SE, SL, SN, SY, TN, TW, TZ, UG, YE, ZA, ZM, ZW)
• Rifadine (BE, FR, LU)
• Rifagen (ES)
• Rifaldin (BR, CN, ES)
• Rifaldin[inj.] (ES)
• Rifamax (PH)
• Rifamcin (TH)
• Rifamed (HU)
• Rifampicin Labatec (CH)
• Rifampicyna (PL)
• Rifampin (KP)
• Rifapiam (IT)
• Rifapin (AE, BH, CY, EG, IL, IQ, IR, JO, KW, LB, LY, OM, QA, SA, SY, YE)
• Rifaprodin (ES)
• Rifarad (AE, BF, BH, BJ, CI, CY, EG, ET, GH, GM, GN, IL, IQ, IR, JO, KE, KW, LB, LR, LY, MA, ML, MR, MU, MW, NE, NG, OM, QA, SA, SC, SD, SL, SN, SY, TN, TZ, UG, YE, ZA, ZM, ZW)
• Rifarm (FI)
• Rifasynt (HK, MY)
• Rifodex (KP)
• Rifoldin (AT)
• Rifoldine (CH)
• Rifonilo (ES)
• Riforal (ES)
• Rimactan (AT, BG, CH, CO, DK, ES, FR, HR, IT, LU, MX, NL, NO, PE, SE, UY, VE)
• Rimactane (BB, BF, BJ, BM, BS, BZ, CI, ET, GB, GH, GM, GN, GY, HK, ID, IL, IN, JM, KE, LR, MA, ML, MR, MU, MW, MY, NE, NG, NL, SC, SD, SL, SN, SR, TH, TN, TT, TZ, UG, ZA, ZM, ZW)
• Rimactan[inj.] (CH)
• Rimafed (PH)
• Rimapen (FI)
• Rimecin (TH)
• Rimpacin (AE, BF, BH, BJ, CI, CY, EG, ET, GH, GM, GN, IL, IQ, IR, JO, KE, KW, LB, LR, LY, MA, ML, MR, MU, MW, NE, NG, OM, QA, SA, SC, SD, SL, SN, SY, TN, TZ, UG, YE, ZA, ZM, ZW)
• Rimpin (IN)
• Rimycin (AU)
• Ripin (TW)
• Tubocin (HU)
• Tugaldin (ES)

Lexi-Comp.com

Last full review/revision May 2008

Content last modified May 2008