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Only 1 to 3% of biologically active trivalent chromium (Cr) is absorbed. Normal plasma levels are 0.05 to 0.50 μg/L (1.0 to 9.6 nmol/L). Chromium combined with a dinicotinic-glutathione complex forms the biologically active glucose tolerance factor (present in Brewer's yeast, liver, and kidneys).
Four patients receiving long-term TPN developed possible chromium deficiency, with glucose intolerance, weight loss, ataxia, and peripheral neuropathy. Symptoms resolved in three who received trivalent chromium 150 to 250 mg.
High doses of trivalent chromium given parenterally causes skin irritation, but lower doses given orally are not toxic. Exposure to hexavalent chromium (CrO3) in the workplace may irritate the skin, lungs, and GI tract and may cause perforation of the nasal septum and lung carcinoma.
Last full review/revision November 2005
Content last modified November 2005
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