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Eye Disorders
Eye Disorders
Approach to the Ophthalmologic Patient
Introduction
History
Physical Examination
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Fluorescein angiography
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Acute Vision Loss
Pathophysiology
Etiology
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History
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Red flags
Interpretation of findings
Testing
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Key Points
Anisocoria
Etiology
Evaluation
History
Physical examination
Testing
Red flags
Interpretation of findings
Treatment
Key Points
Blurred Vision
Etiology
Evaluation
History
Physical examination
Red flags
Interpretation of findings
Testing
Treatment
Geriatrics Essentials
Key Points
Diplopia
Etiology
Evaluation
History
Physical examination
Red flags
Interpretation of findings
Testing
Treatment
Key Points
Eyelid Swelling
Etiology
Evaluation
History
Physical examination
Red flags
Interpretation of findings
Testing
Treatment
Key Points
Eye Pain
Pathophysiology
Etiology
Evaluation
History
Physical examination
Red flags
Interpretation of findings
Testing
Treatment
Key Points
Floaters
Pathophysiology
Etiology
Evaluation
History
Physical examination
Red flags
Interpretation of findings
Testing
Treatment
Key Points
Other Eye Symptoms
Eye discharge
Halos
Blue hues
Scotomata
Proptosis
Etiology
Evaluation
Testing
Treatment
Red Eye
Pathophysiology
Etiology
Evaluation
History
Physical examination
Red flags
Interpretation of findings
Testing
Treatment
Key Points
Tearing
Pathophysiology
Etiology
Increased tear production
Decreased nasolacrimal drainage
Evaluation
History
Physical examination
Red flags
Interpretation of findings
Testing
Treatment
Geriatrics Essentials
Key Points
Cataract
Cataract
Etiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prevention
Conjunctival and Scleral Disorders
Introduction
Select eye findings in conjunctival disorders
Cicatricial Pemphigoid
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Conjunctivitis
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Viral Conjunctivitis
Etiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Acute Bacterial Conjunctivitis
Etiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Adult Inclusion Conjunctivitis
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Trachoma
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Allergic Conjunctivitis
Etiology
Symptoms and Signs
General
Seasonal and perennial conjunctivitis
Vernal keratoconjunctivitis
Diagnosis
Treatment
Episcleritis
Other Conjunctival Disorders
Pinguecula and pterygium
Subconjunctival hemorrhages
Scleritis
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Prognosis
Treatment
Corneal Disorders
Introduction
Bullous Keratopathy
Corneal Transplantation
Indications
Procedure
Complications
Prognosis
Corneal Limbal Stem Cell Transplantation
Corneal Ulcer
Etiology
Pathophysiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Herpes Simplex Keratitis
Symptoms and Signs
Primary infection
Recurrent infection
Stromal involvement
Diagnosis
Treatment
Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus
Symptoms and Signs
Complications
Diagnosis
Treatment
Interstitial Keratitis
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Cogan's Syndrome
Symptoms and Signs
Ocular
Vestibuloauditory
Vascular
Diagnosis
Treatment
Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca
Etiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Keratoconus
Keratomalacia
Peripheral Ulcerative Keratitis
Phlyctenular Keratoconjunctivitis
Superficial Punctate Keratitis
Ultraviolet keratitis
Eyelid and Lacrimal Disorders
Introduction
Blepharitis
Etiology
Acute
Chronic
Symptoms and Signs
Acute
Chronic
Diagnosis
Prognosis
Treatment
Acute
Chronic
Blepharospasm
Canaliculitis
Chalazion and Hordeolum
Chalazion
Hordeolum
Symptoms
Chalazion
Hordeolum
Diagnosis
Treatment
Chalazion
Hordeolum
Dacryocystitis
Dacryostenosis
Diagnosis
Treatment
Entropion and Ectropion
Entropion
Ectropion
Trichiasis
Tumors
Xanthelasma
Basal cell carcinoma
Other malignant tumors
Glaucoma
Introduction
Pathophysiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Screening
Treatment
Angle-Closure Glaucoma
Etiology
Pathophysiology
Primary angle-closure glaucoma
Secondary angle-closure glaucomas
Symptoms and Signs
Acute angle-closure glaucoma
Chronic angle-closure glaucoma
Diagnosis
Treatment
Acute angle-closure glaucoma
Chronic angle-closure glaucoma
Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma
Etiology
Pathophysiology
Elevated-pressure glaucoma
Normal- or low-pressure glaucoma
Symptoms and Signs
Optic nerve appearance
Visual field defects
Diagnosis
Treatment
Drug therapy
Surgery
Optic Nerve Disorders
Introduction
Hereditary Optic Neuropathies
Dominant optic atrophy
Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy
Symptoms and Signs
Dominant optic atrophy
Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy
Diagnosis
Treatment
Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy
Ischemic Optic Neuropathy
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Prognosis
Treatment
Optic Neuritis
Etiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Prognosis
Treatment
Papilledema
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Toxic Amblyopia
Etiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Prognosis
Treatment
Orbital Diseases
Introduction
Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis
Etiology
Pathophysiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Prognosis
Treatment
Inflammatory Orbital Disease
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Preseptal and Orbital Cellulitis
Etiology
Pathophysiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Preseptal cellulitis
Orbital cellulitis
Tumors of the Orbit
Treatment
Children
Adults
Refractive Error
Introduction
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Contact Lenses
Care and Complications
Corneal ulcer
Rigid Corneal Contact Lenses
Soft Hydrophilic Contact Lenses
Refractive Surgery
Laser In Situ Keratomileusis (LASIK)
Photorefractive Keratectomy (PRK)
Intracorneal Ring Segments (INTACS)
Conductive Keratoplasty (CK)
Phakic Intraocular Lenses
Clear Lensectomy
Radial and Astigmatic Keratotomy
Retinal Disorders
Introduction
Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD or ARMD)
Etiology
Pathophysiology
Symptoms and Signs
Dry AMD
Wet AMD
Diagnosis
Treatment
Dry AMD
Wet AMD
Supportive measures
Cancers Affecting the Retina
Choroidal melanoma
Choroidal metastases
Central Retinal Artery Occlusion
Etiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Prognosis
Treatment
Central Retinal Vein Occlusion
Etiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Prognosis
Treatment
Diabetic Retinopathy
Pathophysiology
Nonproliferative retinopathy
Proliferative retinopathy
Symptoms and Signs
Nonproliferative retinopathy
Proliferative retinopathy
Diagnosis
Screening
Treatment
Prevention
Epiretinal Membrane
Hypertensive Retinopathy
Pathophysiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Retinal Detachment
Etiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Retinitis Pigmentosa
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Uveitis
Introduction
Etiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Uveitis Caused by Connective Tissue Disease
Spondyloarthropathies
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA, also known as juvenile RA)
Sarcoidosis
Behçet's syndrome
Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) syndrome
Endophthalmitis
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