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Orbital diseases may be vascular, thyroid-related (Graves' disease), infectious, inflammatory, or neoplastic. Cavernous sinus thrombosis causes many of the same symptoms and signs as orbital diseases. Infiltrative ophthalmopathy due to Graves' disease, the most frequent cause of orbital disease, is discussed in Thyroid Disorders: Etiology. Orbital fractures are discussed in Facial Trauma: Fractures of the Jaw and Contiguous Structures. (see Fig. 1: Approach to the Ophthalmologic Patient: Cross-section of the eye. for anatomy of the orbit.)
Last full review/revision September 2008 by James Garrity, MD
Content last modified September 2008
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