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(For description of menstrual cycle, see Female Reproductive Endocrinology: Menstrual Cycle.)
Menstrual abnormalities include amenorrhea, dysfunctional uterine bleeding, dysmenorrhea (primary or secondary), and premenstrual syndrome. Irregular or absent menses and nonmenstrual vaginal bleeding have many causes, but in women of reproductive age, pregnancy should always be suspected. Abnormal vaginal bleeding in nonpregnant women (see Approach to the Gynecologic Patient: Vaginal Bleeding) is evaluated differently from vaginal bleeding in pregnant women (see Approach to the Pregnant Woman and Prenatal Care: Vaginal Bleeding During Early Pregnancy; see Approach to the Pregnant Woman and Prenatal Care: Vaginal Bleeding During Late Pregnancy).
Last full review/revision November 2005
Content last modified November 2005
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