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Injuries; Poisoning
Injuries; Poisoning
Altitude Sickness
Altitude Sickness
Risk factors
Pathophysiology
Acclimatization
Symptoms and Signs
Acute mountain sickness (AMS)
High-altitude cerebral edema (HACE)
High-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE)
Other disorders
Diagnosis
Treatment
AMS
HAPE and HACE
Prevention
Ascent
Drugs
Approach to the Trauma Patient
Approach to the Trauma Patient
Etiology and Pathophysiology
Evaluation and Treatment
Airway
Breathing
Circulation
Disability
Secondary survey
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Bites and Stings
Introduction
Centipede and Millipede Bites
Human and Mammal Bites
Infection
Diagnosis
Treatment
Wound care
Antimicrobials
Insect Stings
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prevention
Marine Bites and Stings
Cnidaria (Coelenterates, such as jellyfish and sea anemones)
Symptoms and Signs
Treatment
Seabather's eruption
Stingrays
Symptoms and Signs
Treatment
Mollusks
Conus californicus
Cone snails
Octopi
Squid
Sea Urchins
Mite Bites
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Other Arthropod Bites
Other Reptile Bites
Venomous lizards
Alligators and crocodiles
Iguanas
Puss Moth Caterpillar (Asp) Stings
Scorpion Stings
Diagnosis
Treatment
Snakebites
Pathophysiology
Pit vipers
Coral snakes
Symptoms and Signs
Pit vipers
Coral snakes
Diagnosis
Snake identification
Severity of envenomation
Treatment
General approach
Antivenom
Adjunctive measures
Spider Bites
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Tick Bites
Diagnosis
Treatment
Tick Paralysis
Burns
Burns
Etiology
Pathophysiology
Burn depth
Complications
Systemic
Local
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Initial treatment
Intravenous fluids
Initial wound care
Supportive measures
Hospitalization and referral
Infection
Surgery
Physical and occupational therapy
Outpatient treatment
Cold Injury
Introduction
Frostbite
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prehospital care
Acute care
Ongoing care
Hypothermia
Etiology
Pathophysiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Prognosis
Treatment
Nonfreezing Tissue Injuries
Frostnip
Immersion (trench) foot
Chilblains (pernio)
Drowning
Drowning
Pathophysiology
Hypoxia
Hypothermia
Fluid aspiration
Associated injuries
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Prognosis
Treatment
Resuscitation
Hospital care
Discharge
Prevention
Electrical and Lightning Injuries
Introduction
Electrical Injuries
Pathophysiology
Kouwenhoven's factors
Electrical field strength
Pathology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prehospital care
Resuscitation
Other measures
Prevention
Lightning Injuries
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prevention
Exercise and Sports Injury
Introduction
Achilles Tendinitis
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Approach to Sports Injuries
Overuse
Blunt trauma
Sprains and strains
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
RICE
Pain control
Activity
Prevention
Exercise
Stretching and flexibility
Aerobic exercise
Strength training
Balance training
Hydration
Exercise in the Elderly
Contraindications
Screening
Exercise program
Glenoid Labral Tear
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Hamstring Strain
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Knee Pain
Etiology
Evaluation
Treatment
Lateral Epicondylitis
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Medial Epicondylitis
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Piriformis Syndrome
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Popliteus Tendinitis
Rotator Cuff Injury
Etiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Screening for Sports Participation
Cardiovascular screening
Other screening measures
Contraindications
Shin Splints
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Stress Fractures
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Eye Injuries
Introduction
Burns
Thermal burns
Chemical burns
Contusions and Lacerations
Eyelids
Globe
Anterior chamber hemorrhage (hyphema)
Blowout fracture
Posttraumatic Iridocyclitis
Corneal Abrasions and Foreign Bodies
Symptoms, Signs, and Diagnosis
Treatment
Facial Trauma
Introduction
External Ear Trauma
Fractures of the Jaw and Contiguous Structures
Treatment
Fractures of the Nose
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis and Treatment
Temporal Bone Fractures
Diagnosis and Treatment
Fractures, Dislocations, and Sprains
Introduction
Evaluation
History
Physical examination
Imaging
Treatment
RICE
Immobilization
Compartment Syndrome
Dislocations
Specific Dislocations
Glenohumeral (shoulder) dislocations
Elbow dislocations
Radial head subluxations (nursemaid's elbow)
Proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint dislocations
Hip dislocations
Knee (tibiofemoral) dislocations
Lateral patellar dislocations
Fractures
Pathophysiology
Symptoms, Signs, and Diagnosis
Treatment
Geriatric Essentials
Specific Fractures
Stress fractures
Growth plate fractures
Rib fractures
Clavicle fractures
Proximal humeral fractures
Distal humeral fractures
Radial head fractures
Distal radial fractures
Metacarpal neck fractures (except thumb)
Scaphoid (navicular) fractures
Fingertip (tuft of the distal phalanx) fractures
Pelvic fractures
Hip fractures
Femoral shaft fractures
Ankle fractures
Fractures of the 2nd metatarsal bone base with dislocation (Lisfranc's fracture-dislocation)
Fractures of the 5th metatarsal bone base (dancer's fracture)
Fractures of the 5th metatarsal bone diaphysis (Jones fracture)
Toe fractures
Knee Sprains and Meniscal Injuries
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Sprains, Strains, and Tendon Tears
Specific Sprains and Tendon Tears
Acromioclavicular joint sprains (separation)
Ulnar collateral ligament sprains (gamekeeper's thumb)
Quadriceps tendon injuries
Ankle sprains
Achilles tendon tears
Genitourinary Tract Trauma
Introduction
Bladder Trauma
Symptoms, Signs, and Diagnosis
Treatment
Genital Trauma
Symptoms, Signs, and Diagnosis
Treatment
Renal Trauma
Symptoms, Signs, and Diagnosis
Treatment
Ureteral Trauma
Urethral Trauma
Treatment
Heat Illness
Introduction
Pathophysiology
Etiology
Prevention
Heat Cramps
Treatment
Heat Exhaustion
Symptoms
Diagnosis
Treatment
Heatstroke
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Prognosis
Treatment
Cooling techniques
Other measures
Injury During Diving or Work in Compressed Air
Introduction
Arterial Gas Embolism
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Barotrauma
Treatment
Pulmonary Barotrauma
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prevention
Gastrointestinal barotrauma
Ear and Sinus Barotrauma
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prevention
Other Types of Barotrauma
Decompression Sickness
Risk factors
Classification
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prevention
Diving Precautions and Prevention of Diving Injuries
Diving safety
Contraindications to diving
Gas Toxicity
Oxygen toxicity
Nitrogen narcosis
Carbon dioxide poisoning
Carbon monoxide poisoning
High-pressure neurologic syndrome
Immersion Pulmonary Edema
Recompression Therapy
Recompression protocols
Complications and contraindications
Lacerations
Lacerations
Physiology
Evaluation
Treatment
Cleansing
Local anesthesia
Exploration
Debridement
Closure
Materials and methods
Suture technique
Aftercare
Abrasions
Motion Sickness
Motion Sickness
Symptoms, Signs, and Diagnosis
Treatment and Prevention
Poisoning
Introduction
Acetaminophen Poisoning
Symptoms, Signs, and Diagnosis
Single acute overdose
Chronic overdose
Prognosis
Treatment
Aspirin and Other Salicylate Poisoning
Pathophysiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Carbon Monoxide Poisoning
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Prevention and Treatment
Caustic Ingestion
Symptoms, Signs, and Diagnosis
Treatment
Chemical Food Poisoning
Mushrooms
Poisonous plants
Fish
Shellfish
General Principles
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Testing
Treatment
Initial stabilization
Topical decontamination
Activated charcoal
Gastric emptying
Whole-bowel irrigation
Alkaline diuresis
Dialysis
Specific antidotes
Ongoing supportive measures
Hospital admission
Prevention
Hydrocarbon Poisoning
Symptoms, Signs, and Diagnosis
Treatment
Iron Poisoning
Symptoms, Signs, and Diagnosis
Prognosis and Treatment
Lead Poisoning
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prevention
Other Poisons
Radiation Injury
Radiation Injury
Measurement
Exposure
Sources
Pathophysiology
Symptoms and Signs
Acute radiation syndromes
Focal injury
Diagnosis
Contamination
Prognosis
Treatment
Hospitalization
Decontamination
Specific management
Prevention
Spinal Trauma
Introduction
Etiology and Pathophysiology
Cord injury
Vertebral injury
Cauda equina injury
Symptoms and Signs
Complete cord injury
Partial cord injury
Cauda equina lesions
Complications
Diagnosis
Prognosis and Treatment
Immediate care
Long-term care
Spinal Cord Injury in Children
Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)
Traumatic Brain Injury
Pathology
Concussion
Brain contusions
Diffuse axonal injury
Hematomas
Skull fractures
Pathophysiology
Symptoms and Signs
Long-term symptoms
Diagnosis
Initial measures
Complete clinical evaluation
Neuroimaging
Prognosis
Treatment
Mild injury
Moderate and severe injury
Increased intracranial pressure
Seizures
Skull fractures
Surgery
Rehabilitation
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