Index L

Labetalol 843t

Laboratory values 1383-1385, 1384t (see also specific tests)

Lacrimal gland

age-related changes in 1288-1289

-Lactamase inhibitors 1368t

Lactase deficiency 1088

Lactose-hydrogen breath test 1090

Lacunar infarcts 367, 411-413, 412t

Langerhans' cells 1236

Language

age-related changes in 380, 424-425

assessment of 348-349, 424-425

in dementia 358, 361t

disorders of 424-428, 424t, 426t, 427t

Lansoprazole 1046, 1047

Laparotomy

in Crohn's disease 1066

in gastrointestinal tract bleeding 1108

Laryngitis

atrophic 1348-1349

reflux 1349

Laser therapy

in photoaging 1238

Latamoxel 1369t

Latanoprost 1300t

Lavage, nasogastric 1107

Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale 43t, 45t

Laxatives

abuse of 1090

in constipation 1084-1085, 1084t

in diverticular disease 1055t

in dying patient 119

Lebetalol

in hypertension 841t

Leflunomide, in rheumatoid arthritis 502

Left bundle branch block 895t, 899-900 (see also Arrhythmias)

Left ventricular filling rate 816, 817f

Left ventricular hypertrophy, electrocardiography in 824-825

Leg

amputation of

     pain after 286

     phantom limb after 286-287

     prosthesis for 285-286

     rehabilitation after 284-287

     stump conditioning after 285-286

fracture of 222-227

muscle cramps in 533-535, 534f

pain in28t

stasis dermatitis of 1251-1252

venous ulcers of 1252-1254

Legal issues 127-141

advance directives and 134-135

assisted suicide and 139

capacity and 128-130

competence and 130-131

doctrine of privilege and 133

do-not-resuscitate orders and 138-139

driving and 237

durable power of attorney and 135

dying patient and 123-125

euthanasia and 139

fluid withholding and 139

hospital discharge and 140-141

incompetence and 130-131

informed consent and 131-133

living will and 134-135

long-term care and 141

nutrition withholding and 139

palliation and 140

Patient's Bill of Rights and 129t

resources on 1415

surrogate decision making and 135-138

therapeutic privilege and 133

Legionella infection 759, 760, 762t

Leiomyosarcoma

colorectal 1141-1144

small-intestine 1139-1140

Lens

age-related changes in 1287-1288

opacities of 1290-1291, 1293-1295

Lentigines 1236

Lentigo maligna 1278

Leptin 596

Leriche's syndrome 916

Letrozole 721t, 1226t

Leukemia

acute 724-728

chronic 728-732, 731t

hyperphosphatemia in 582

lymphoblastic (lymphocytic)

     acute 724-728

     chronic 728-732, 731t, 1358

myelocytic (myeloid, myeloblastic)

     acute 724-728

     chronic 728-732

     vs. primary thrombocythemia 707

polycythemia vera conversion to 709

Leukoplakia 1021

Levobetaxolol 1300t

Levobunolol 1300t

Levodopa

aging effect on 61t

diuretic interaction with 69t

dosage adjustments for 71

in parkinsonism 437, 439-440

sexual function and 1164t

Levofloxacin 1372t

Levorphanol 387t

Levothyroxine sodium

in hypothyroidism 646-647

in thyroid nodules 654

Lewy bodies 368

dementia and 368

Libido

decrease in

      hormone-related 656t

drug-induced 1163t, 1164t

in men 1171-1174, 1172t

in women 1176-1177

Lice 1246t

Lichen planus 1201

Lichen sclerosus 1190, 1201

Lichen simplex chronicus 1201, 1251

Lidocaine 888t

in benign oral disorders 1019

infusion rate of 887

during myocardial infarction 860

in pain management 396

in ventricular tachycardia 894

Life-care communities 105t, 111-112, 171

Life expectancy 11-12, 12t, 19t, 20-21

active (disability-free) 21

surgery and 240

therapeutic objectives and 114

Life span 4

Lifestyle

cardiovascular system aging and 822

disease prevention and 51t

modification of

     in coronary artery disease prevention 51t, 854

     in hypertension 51t, 838, 838t

Light therapy

in sleep disorders 454

Likelihood ratio 1383

Limbus 1286

Lincomycin 1374t

Lindane 1246t

Linezolid 1367t

Lipase deficiency 1088

Lipids (see Cholesterol; Lipoproteins)

Lipodermatosclerosis 1252

Lipofuscin

hepatic deposition of 1003

in nerve cells 381

Lipoma, colonic 1140-1141

Lipoproteins

age-related changes in 607

in disease prevention 50t

disorders of 606-624, 608t-609t, 610t

     atherosclerosis and 850

     classification of 607, 608t-609t

     dietary considerations in 613-616, 614t, 616t

     secondary 607, 610t, 611-612

     treatment of 612-624, 614t, 616t, 618t-620t

measurement of 610-612, 612t

Lips (see also Mouth)

Lisinopril

in hypertension 842t

Lithium 320

sexual function and 1164t

Livedo reticularis 922

Liver

abscess of 1129-1130

adenoma of 1148

age-related changes in 1003-1005

bleeding from 1111

blood flow in 1005

cancer of 1149-1150

cysts of 1129

disorders of 1070-1073, 1129-1130

     anemia with 678

     resource on 1415

     surgical outcome and 248

drug-induced injury to 1375t

drug metabolism by 57-59, 58t

end-stage disease of 1071

estrogen metabolism by 1213-1214, 1215

focal nodular hyperplasia of 1148

hemangioma of 1148-1149

hepatitis of 1071-1072

iron accumulation in 1072-1073

peptic ulcer penetration of 1044

regeneration of 1005

testosterone toxicity to 1173

transplantation of 1150

tumors of 1143, 1148-1150

Living alone 143-144

Living arrangements 10, 11f

Living will 134-135 (see also Legal issues)

Lomefloxacin 1372t

Longevity (see also Life expectancy) 4

Long-term care 104-112, 105t (see also Nursing homes)

legal issues of 141

managed care and 162-163

pharmacist in 85-86

Loop diuretics

in hypertension 839t

Loperamide

in diarrhea 1091t, 1092

in fecal incontinence 1094

in irritable bowel syndrome 1070

Loracarbef 1370t

Lorazepam

adverse effects of 64t

in agitation 356

in generalized anxiety disorder 324

Losartan

in heart failure 907-908

in hypertension 842t

Lotion 1244t

Lou Gehrig's disease (see Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis)

Lovastatin 617, 618t, 621

Low-air-loss bed 1269t

Lp(a)

elevated levels of 609t, 624

measurement of 610

Lubricants, vaginal 1159, 1178

Lugol's solution 652

Lumbar spine

stenosis of 917-918

traction for 277-278

Lungs (see also at Pulmonary)

age-related changes in 753-757

biopsy of 798

cancer of 800-806, 801t, 802t

     Eaton-Lambert syndrome in 522

     screening for 718t

     terminal 806

     treatment of 803-805, 803t, 804t

chronic obstructive disease of 779-787, 783t

     (see also Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease)

defense mechanisms of 757

disease of (see also specific diseases)

     interstitial 793-799, 794t-796t

     resources on 1417

     surgical outcome and 247

embolism to 771-778 (see also Pulmonary embolism)

immune response of 757

infection of 758-771, 762t

nitrofurantoin-induced injury to 1374t

in physical examination 34

postoperative status of 252

rales in 824

rehabilitation therapy for 806-809

Lung volume reduction surgery 786

Lupus 503-505

Lupus anticoagulant antibody 691, 921-922

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

age-related changes in 1172

measurement of 1173

Lyme disease

dementia in 370

Lymphangiectasia, intestinal 1100t, 1103

Lymphangitic carcinomatosis

pulmonary 796t

Lymph nodes

biopsy of, in Hodgkin's disease 744

in breast cancer 1221-1222

Lymphoblastic (lymphocytic) leukemia

acute 724-728

chronic 728-732, 731t

Lymphocytes

age-related changes in 673, 1352t, 1354-1356

B 1352t, 1355-1356

T 1352t, 1354-1355

     in HIV infection 1380, 1381

thymic hormone effects on 1354

Lymphocytic leukemia, chronic 1358

Lymphoid system 673

Lymphoma 742-752

Burkitt's 748-749

colorectal 1141-1144

gastric 1137-1139

Hodgkin's 743-747, 745t, 746t, 747t

non-Hodgkin's 747-752, 748t, 749t, 752t

pancreatic 1145

small-intestine 1139-1140